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2G, or second-generation cellular network technology, marks the transition from analog to digital communication in mobile networks. Defined by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) under the GSM standard, which became the first globally adopted framework for mobile communications, 2G was first commercially launched in 1991 by Radiolinja (now part of Elisa Oyj) in Finland. [1]
EV-DO service shut down in Jul 2015. Public Mobile Canada: CDMA2000 1xRTT, EV-DO Rev. A 1900 May 2010: May 2014 [52] [53] [54] Operator acquired by Telus. SaskTel Canada: CDMA2000 1xRTT, EV-DO Rev. A 800 Apr 2003: Jul 2017 [55] [56] EV-DO service shut down in Sep 2014. TBayTel Canada: CDMA2000 1xRTT, EV-DO Rev. A 800 / 1900 Dec 2002: Oct 2014 ...
A new addition has been the quad-band phone, also known as a World Phone, [5] supporting at least all four major GSM bands, allowing for global use (excluding non-GSM countries such as Japan, South Korea and as well countries where 2G system was shut down to release frequencies and spectrum for LTE networks like Australia (since 2017 ...
The second mobile provider to shut down its GSM network (on 1 January 2017) was AT&T Mobility from the United States. [19] Optus in Australia completed the shut down of its 2G GSM network on 1 August 2017, part of the Optus GSM network covering Western Australia and the Northern Territory had earlier in the year been shut down in April 2017. [ 20 ]
The Dobson TDMA and AMPS network was shut down March 1, 2008. On May 31, 2007, Rogers Wireless decommissioned its D-AMPS and AMPS networks and moved the remaining customers on these older networks onto its GSM network. Alltel completed their shutdown of their D-AMPS and AMPS networks in September 2008.
The 2G spectrum case was a political controversy in which politicians and private officials of the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) coalition government India were allegedly involved in [1] selling or allotting 122 2G spectrum licenses on conditions that provided an advantage to specific telecom operators.
Like methadone, Suboxone blocks both the effects of heroin withdrawal and an addict’s craving and, if used properly, does it without causing intoxication. Unlike methadone, it can be prescribed by a certified family physician and taken at home, meaning a recovering addict can lead a normal life, without a daily early-morning commute to a clinic.
Several operators around the world have already or are in the process of shutting down their 3G networks (see table below). In several places, 3G is being shut down while its older predecessor 2G is being kept in operation; Vodafone Europe is doing this, citing 2G's usefulness as a low-power fallback. [26]