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Estrogen and other hormones are given to postmenopausal women in order to prevent osteoporosis as well as treat the symptoms of menopause such as hot flashes, vaginal dryness, urinary stress incontinence, chilly sensations, dizziness, fatigue, irritability, and sweating. Fractures of the spine, wrist, and hips decrease by 50 to 70% and spinal ...
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT), also known as menopausal hormone therapy or postmenopausal hormone therapy, is a form of hormone therapy used to treat symptoms associated with female menopause. [1] [2] Effects of menopause can include symptoms such as hot flashes, accelerated skin aging, vaginal dryness, decreased muscle mass, and ...
Average number of moderate-to-severe hot flashes per week with placebo and different doses of oral estradiol in menopausal women [40] [41]. Estradiol is used in menopausal hormone therapy to prevent and treat moderate to severe menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes, vaginal dryness and atrophy, and osteoporosis (bone loss). [11]
Therapy can take the form of an estrogen pill, skin patch, ring, gel, cream, or spray, and it usually includes a second hormone, progestogen, which can be either progesterone or a synthetic progestin.
Side effects of estradiol acetate include breast tenderness, breast enlargement, nausea, headache, and fluid retention. [7] [5] [6] Estradiol acetate is an estrogen and hence is an agonist of the estrogen receptor, the biological target of estrogens like estradiol. [8] [9] It is an estrogen ester and a prodrug of estradiol in the body.
Examples of such side effects include breast tenderness and enlargement, nausea, vomiting, bloating, edema, headache, migraine, and melasma. [ 54 ] [ 55 ] High-dose estrogen therapy with estradiol cypionate injections may also cause an increased risk of thromboembolism , changes in blood lipid profile , increased insulin resistance , and ...
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