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Ionic bonds generally occur when the difference in electronegativity between the two atoms is greater than 2.0; Pauling based this classification scheme on the partial ionic character of a bond, which is an approximate function of the difference in electronegativity between the two bonded atoms. He estimated that a difference of 1.7 corresponds ...
In electrochemistry, polarization is a collective term for certain mechanical side-effects (of an electrochemical process) by which isolating barriers develop at the interface between electrode and electrolyte. These side-effects influence the reaction mechanisms, as well as the chemical kinetics of corrosion and metal deposition.
Generally, the cause of concentration polarization is the ability of a membrane to transport some species more readily than the other(s) (which is the membrane permselectivity): the retained species are concentrated at the upstream membrane surface while the concentration of transported species decreases. Thus, concentration polarization ...
A depolarizer or depolariser, in electrochemistry, according to an IUPAC definition, [1] [2] is a synonym of electroactive substance, i.e., a substance which changes its oxidation state, or partakes in a formation or breaking of chemical bonds, in a charge-transfer step of an electrochemical reaction.
Depolarization is essential to the function of many cells, communication between cells, and the overall physiology of an organism. Action potential in a neuron, showing depolarization, in which the cell's internal charge becomes less negative (more positive), and repolarization, where the internal charge returns to a more negative value.
Polarization function, a feature of some molecular modelling methods; Photon polarization, the mathematical link between wave polarization and spin polarization; Vacuum polarization, a process in which a background electromagnetic field produces virtual electron-positron pairs
If we suppose the polarization of the dipoles was induced by an external field, the polarization field opposes the applied field and sometimes is called a depolarization field. [18] [19] In the case when the polarization is outside a spherical cavity, the field in the cavity due to the surrounding dipoles is in the same direction as the ...
Electric polarization of a given dielectric material sample is defined as the quotient of electric dipole moment (a vector quantity, expressed as coulombs*meters (C*m) in SI units) to volume (meters cubed). [1] [2] Polarization density is denoted mathematically by P; [2] in SI units, it is expressed in coulombs per square meter (C/m 2).