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Ophiolites are sequences of mafic to ultramafic rock generally believed to represent ancient oceanic lithosphere.They are distributed all across the world being all of them located at present or past orogenic belts, sites of mountain building processes.
The first statewide geologic map of Georgia was published in 1825. It was a 1:1,000,000 scale map of Georgia and Alabama published by Henry Schenck Tanner. [3] In 1849 W.T. Williams published the geological features for the state on a 1:120,000 scale map within George White's (1849) Statistics of the State of Georgia report. [4]
Ordovician ophiolite in Gros Morne National Park, Newfoundland Chromitic serpentinite, Bay of Islands Ophiolite, Lewis Hills, Newfoundland. An ophiolite is a section of Earth's oceanic crust and the underlying upper mantle that has been uplifted and exposed, and often emplaced onto continental crustal rocks.
The geological eastern Blue Ridge includes metavolcanic rocks of the Georgia Gold Belt. [5] From the discovery of gold in the Georgia Gold Belt in 1828, enough gold was mined in the area to cause a branch mint of the United States Mint to be located in Dahlonega, Georgia. The region also includes igneous intrusions of granite and diabase. [6]
An orogenic belt, orogen, or mobile belt, [a] is a zone of Earth's crust affected by orogeny. [2] An orogenic belt develops when a continental plate crumples and is uplifted to form one or more mountain ranges ; this involves a series of geological processes collectively called orogenesis .
This belt runs from New Zealand in the east-south-east, through Indonesia, along the Himalayas, through the Middle East up to the Mediterranean in the west-north-west. It is also called the "Tethyan" Zone, as it constitutes the zone along which the ancient Tethys Ocean was deformed and disappeared. The following mountain belts can be distinguished:
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A mélange is formed in the accretionary wedge above a subduction zone. The ultramafic ophiolite sequences which have been obducted onto continental crust are typically underlain by a mélange. Smaller-scale localized mélanges may also occur in shear or fault zones, where coherent rock has been disrupted and mixed by shearing forces.