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Explanations include information-processing rules (i.e., mental shortcuts), called heuristics, that the brain uses to produce decisions or judgments. Biases have a variety of forms and appear as cognitive ("cold") bias, such as mental noise, [5] or motivational ("hot") bias, such as when beliefs are distorted by wishful thinking. Both effects ...
The social process of peer review aims to mitigate the effect of individual scientists' biases, even though the peer review process itself may be susceptible to such biases [99] [100] [93] [101] [102] Confirmation bias may thus be especially harmful to objective evaluations regarding nonconforming results since biased individuals may regard ...
Selective exposure is a theory within the practice of psychology, often used in media and communication research, that historically refers to individuals' tendency to favor information which reinforces their pre-existing views while avoiding contradictory information.
Wikipedia content can appear to be neutral in its gender associations if one focuses only on text, whereas examining Wikipedia images from the same articles can reveal a different reality, with evidence of a strong bias toward male representation and a stronger bias toward more salient gender associations in general.
Information bias is a cognitive bias to seek information when it does not affect action. An example of information bias is believing that the more information that can be acquired to make a decision, the better, even if that extra information is irrelevant for the decision. [1]
Long before hallucinations and many of the risks brought to the forefront by the generative AI boom became apparent, we had widespread evidence of bias in AI algorithms, which are often less ...
Many researchers have attempted to identify the psychological process which creates the availability heuristic. Tversky and Kahneman argue that the number of examples recalled from memory is used to infer the frequency with which such instances occur. In an experiment to test this explanation, participants listened to lists of names containing ei
“Even anecdotal evidence of supposed bias tends to crumble under close examination.” In fact, the report, produced by the NYU Stern Center for Business and Human Rights, cited evidence that ...