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The first Islamic State, also known as State of Medina, [4] was the first Islamic state established by Islamic prophet Muhammad in Medina in 622 under the Constitution of Medina. It represented the political unity of the Muslim Ummah (nation).
House of Muhammed in Medina, where he lived after the migration from Mecca. [21] Dar Al-Arqam, the first Islamic school where Muhammad taught. [22] It now lies under the extension of the Masjid Al-Haram of Mecca. [citation needed] Qubbat al-Thanaya, the burial site of Muhammed's incisor that was broken in the Battle of Uhud. [8]
100 BCE - "Yemeni tribes of Jurham rule Mecca." [1] 570 CE - Year of the Elephant and the birth of Muhammad. 605 CE - Quraish rebuild Kaaba after it was damaged in floods. [2] 613 CE - Muhammad starts preaching publicly in Mecca. [3] 622 CE / 0-1 H - Muhammad migrates from Mecca to Medina, with followers . [4]
Yathrib renamed "Medina." [5] Baqi Cemetery established. 623 CE - Masjid al-Qiblatayn (Mosque of the two Qiblas) built. 624 CE - Prophet's House built. [1] 627 March–April: Battle of the Trench. [6] Constitution of Medina created (approximate date). [7] 630 - Medina and Mecca "established as the holy cities of Islam." [3] 632 CE / 11 H. 8 ...
Medina was founded on November 30, 1818, [1] as part of the Connecticut Western Reserve. It was originally named Mecca, but an unincorporated community in Ohio already had that name, [7] so the name was changed. Both Mecca and Medina are Saudi Arabian cities particularly significant in Islam. Most early residents were farmers.
Medina, [a] officially Al-Madinah al-Munawwarah (Arabic: المدينة المنورة, romanized: al-Madīnah al-Munawwarah, lit. 'The Luminous City', Hejazi Arabic pronunciation: [al.maˈdiːna al.mʊˈnawːara]) and also commonly simplified as Madīnah or Madinah (المدينة, al-Madina), is the capital of Medina Province (formerly known as Yathrib) in the Hejaz region of western Saudi ...
During the first half of Muhammad's time as a prophet while he was at Mecca, he and his followers were severely persecuted which eventually led to their migration to Medina in 622 CE. In 624 CE, Muslims believe the direction of the qibla was changed from the Masjid al-Aqsa to the Masjid al-Haram in Mecca, with the revelation of Surah 2 , verse 144.
The Hijrah [a], also Hegira (from Medieval Latin), was the journey the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his followers took from Mecca to Medina. [3] [4] The year in which the Hijrah took place is also identified as the epoch of the Lunar Hijri [b] and Solar Hijri calendars; its date equates to 16 July 622 in the Julian calendar.