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  2. Neuron - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuron

    A neuron, neurone, [1] or nerve cell is an excitable cell that fires electric signals called action potentials across a neural network in the nervous system.They are located in the brain and spinal cord and help to receive and conduct impulses.

  3. Motor neuron - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_neuron

    The three types of these neurons are the alpha efferent neurons, beta efferent neurons, and gamma efferent neurons. They are called efferent to indicate the flow of information from the central nervous system (CNS) to the periphery. Alpha motor neurons innervate extrafusal muscle fibers, which are the main force-generating component of a muscle.

  4. Neural network - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_network

    While individual neurons are simple, many of them together in a network can perform complex tasks. There are two main types of neural network. In neuroscience , a biological neural network is a physical structure found in brains and complex nervous systems – a population of nerve cells connected by synapses .

  5. Alpha motor neuron - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_motor_neuron

    Like other neurons, lower motor neurons have both afferent (incoming) and efferent (outgoing) connections. Alpha motor neurons receive input from a number of sources, including upper motor neurons, sensory neurons, and interneurons. The primary output of α-MNs is to extrafusal muscle fibers. This afferent and efferent connectivity is required ...

  6. Lower motor neuron - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_motor_neuron

    Glutamate released from the upper motor neurons triggers depolarization in the lower motor neurons in the anterior grey column, which in turn causes an action potential to propagate the length of the axon to the neuromuscular junction where acetylcholine is released to carry the signal across the synaptic cleft to the postsynaptic receptors of the muscle cell membrane, signaling the muscle to ...

  7. Gamma motor neuron - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_motor_neuron

    Unlike the alpha motor neurons, gamma motor neurons do not directly adjust the lengthening or shortening of muscles. However, their role is important in keeping muscle spindles taut, thereby allowing the continued firing of alpha neurons, leading to muscle contraction. These neurons also play a role in adjusting the sensitivity of muscle ...

  8. Motor unit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_unit

    Muscles which possess more motor units (and thus have greater individual motor neuron innervation) are able to control force output more finely. Motor units are organized slightly differently in invertebrates : each muscle has few motor units (typically less than 10), and each muscle fiber is innervated by multiple neurons, including excitatory ...

  9. Neuromechanics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuromechanics

    Neuromechanics is an interdisciplinary field that combines biomechanics and neuroscience to understand how the nervous system interacts with the skeletal and muscular systems to enable animals to move. [1] [2] In a motor task, like reaching for an object, neural commands are sent to motor neurons to