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The Italian Wars [b] were a series of conflicts fought between 1494 and 1559, mostly in the Italian Peninsula, but later expanding into Flanders, the Rhineland and Mediterranean Sea. The primary belligerents were the Valois kings of France , on one side, and their opponents in the Holy Roman Empire and Spain on the other.
The Risorgimento movement emerged to unite Italy in the 19th century. Piedmont-Sardinia took the lead in a series of wars to liberate Italy from foreign control. Following three Wars of Italian Independence against the Habsburg Austrians in the north, the Expedition of the Thousand against the Spanish Bourbons in the south, and the Capture of Rome, the unification of the country was completed ...
But England's entry into the war provoked the French Siege of Calais in January 1558, which was a defeat for the English. French armies plundered Spanish possessions in the Low Countries [clarification needed] and emerged victorious in the Siege of Thionville (April–June 1558).
Part of the Reconquista and Spanish Christian–Muslim War of 1172–1212; Location: Iberian Peninsula. Kingdom of Castile Order of Santiago Order of Évora: Almohad Caliphate: Defeat Castilian–Leonese War (1196–1197) - Part of Spanish Christian–Muslim War of 1172–1212 Location: Iberian Peninsula. Kingdom of Castile. Kingdom of Aragon ...
The military history of Italy chronicles a vast time period, lasting from the military conflicts fought by the ancient peoples of Italy, most notably the conquest of the Mediterranean world by the ancient Romans, through the expansion of the Italian city-states and maritime republics during the medieval period and the involvement of the historical Italian states in the Italian Wars and the ...
Third Italian War (1502–1504) 25 December 1502: Battle of Seminara (1502) . French victory over Spain. 13 February 1503: Challenge of Barletta. Italian knights in Spanish service won a duel against French knights. 23 February 1503: Battle of Ruvo. Spanish victory over France. 21 April 1503: Battle of Seminara (1503). Spanish victory over France.
The First Italian War, or Charles VIII's Italian War, [2] was the opening phase of the Italian Wars. The war pitted Charles VIII of France , who had initial Milanese aid, against the Holy Roman Empire , Spain and an alliance of Italian powers led by Pope Alexander VI , known as the League of Venice.
The Italian War of 1551-1559, or Last Italian War begins. 1545-1563: Council of Trent: 1559: 3 April: The Last Italian War ends with a peace treaty signed between Henry II of France, Elizabeth I of England, Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor, and Philip II of Spain at Le Cateau-Cambrésis. 1564: 15 February: Galileo is born in Pisa.