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Breech-loading firearm that belonged to Philip V of Spain, made by A. Tienza, Madrid circa 1715. It came with a ready-to-load reusable cartridge. This is a miquelet system. Mechanism of Philip V's breech-loading firearm (detail) The breech mechanism of the Ferguson rifle. Breech-loading firearms are known from the 16th century.
William Terry patented the design on April 7, 1856 [1] (after patenting a different design a year earlier [2]).The design used a bolt and a unique cartridge which held the bullet encapsulated within a nitrated paper wrapper holding the appropriate powder charge, with a greased felt wad at the base to help seal the breech.
Sharps Model 1852 "slanting breech" Sharps Model 1852, lock Sharps Model 1852, breech Sharps Model 1852, breech open Sharps Model 1852 "slanting breech" carbine, under the forearm two primer-tapes Sharps rifles are a series of large-bore, single-shot , falling-block , breech-loading rifles , beginning with a design by Christian Sharps in 1848 ...
A pre measured amount of gunpowder is poured into the breech, and the paper from the paper cartridge is used as wadding. The bullet is placed in the chamber. The crank is rotated forwards, locking the breech and making the rifle ready to fire. The exact rate of firing with the kammerlader depends, as with all manually operated weapons, entirely ...
An 1872 diagram of a Prussian needle gun cartridge. The concept of a fully self-contained paper cartridge for a breech loader was patented in 1808, only a year after the invention of the percussion cap. One of the earliest breechloading firearms that was widely adopted was the Dreyse needle gun, patented in 1839, which was used by the Prussian ...
This was mainly because a sizable amount of gas escaped at the breech when the rifle was fired with a paper cartridge. An improved model, giving greater muzzle velocity and increased speed in loading, was introduced later, but it was replaced shortly thereafter by the Mauser Model 1871 rifle.
The rifle was adopted as the Model 1858 carbine. Between 1861 and 1864, over 20,000 were produced by the Starr Arms Company of Yonkers, New York. The Model 1858 was designed to fire paper or linen cartridges. In 1865, the government ordered 3,000 Starr carbines chambered to use metal cartridge.
Close-up view of a Joslyn rifle. The Model 1855 used combustible paper cartridges which were ignited by percussion caps. The breech was opened by means of a lever with an attached finger ring that ran along the wrist of the stock. The rifle version had a 30-inch (760 mm) barrel and an overall length of 45 inches (1,100 mm).