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Peptostreptococcus species are commensal organisms in humans, living predominantly in the mouth, skin, gastrointestinal, vagina and urinary tracts, and are members of the gut microbiota. Under immunosuppressed or traumatic conditions these organisms can become pathogenic, as well as septicemic, harming their host.
Genes for antibiotic resistance have gradually spread among other pathogenic bacterial species by horizontal gene transfer. [10] Susceptibility to various beta-lactam antibiotics has been described as variable depending on the strain of Capnocytophaga. [11] This resistance is often linked to the production of beta- lactamases.
Members of the genus Capnocytophaga are found in the oral cavities of humans and animals. Most of these species are not found in humans. [4] C. canimorsus is a commensal bacterium found in dogs and cats; it is not a member of the normal microbiota of humans. About 26% of dogs carry these commensal bacteria in their mouths.
Many Pasteurella species are zoonotic pathogens, and humans can acquire an infection from domestic animal bites. [4] [5] In cattle, sheep, and birds, Pasteurella species can cause a life-threatening pneumonia; in cats and dogs, however, Pasteurella is not a cause of disease, and constitutes part of the normal flora of the nose and mouth. [6]
P. canis usually does not affect humans [25] but may be transmitted from animals to humans through animal bites, scratches, or licking over wounds. [7] [22] However, some patients developed infections without any scratches and puncture wounds. [26] In one case, a patient exposed to rabbit secretions was infected with P. canis. [20]
The US estimated annual count of animal bites is 250,000 human bites, 1 to 2 million dog bites, 400,000 cat bites, and 45,000 bites from snakes. Bites from skunks, horses, squirrels, rats, rabbits, pigs, and monkeys may be up to 1 percent of bite injuries.
Pasteurellosis is an infection with a species of the bacterial genus Pasteurella, [1] which is found in humans and other animals. Pasteurella multocida (subspecies P. m. septica and P. m. multocida) is carried in the mouth and respiratory tract of various animals, including pigs. [2] It is a small, Gram-negative bacillus with bipolar staining ...
Bacteria from this family cause zoonotic infections in humans. These infections manifest themselves as skin or soft tissue infections after an animal bite. It has been known to cause serious disease in immunocompromised patients. [2] [3] [4]