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Peptostreptococcus species are commensal organisms in humans, living predominantly in the mouth, skin, gastrointestinal, vagina and urinary tracts, and are members of the gut microbiota. Under immunosuppressed or traumatic conditions these organisms can become pathogenic, as well as septicemic, harming their host.
Many Pasteurella species are zoonotic pathogens, and humans can acquire an infection from domestic animal bites. [4] [5] In cattle, sheep, and birds, Pasteurella species can cause a life-threatening pneumonia; in cats and dogs, however, Pasteurella is not a cause of disease, and constitutes part of the normal flora of the nose and mouth. [6]
P. canis usually does not affect humans [25] but may be transmitted from animals to humans through animal bites, scratches, or licking over wounds. [7] [22] However, some patients developed infections without any scratches and puncture wounds. [26] In one case, a patient exposed to rabbit secretions was infected with P. canis. [20]
Pasteurellosis is an infection with a species of the bacterial genus Pasteurella, [1] which is found in humans and other animals. Pasteurella multocida (subspecies P. m. septica and P. m. multocida) is carried in the mouth and respiratory tract of various animals, including pigs. [2] It is a small, Gram-negative bacillus with bipolar staining ...
C. canimorsus rarely causes disease symptoms in animals. One case of C. canimorsus isolated from a dog bite wound on a small dog's head has been reported; the bacteria were localized to the wound and the dog did not present with bacteremia. A few cases of infection have been reported in rabbits after being bitten by dogs.
Dog bites are commonplace, with children the most commonly bitten and the face and scalp the most common target. [14] About 4.7 million dog bites are reported annually in the United States. [15] The US estimated annual count of animal bites is 250,000 human bites, 1 to 2 million dog bites, 400,000 cat bites, and 45,000 bites from snakes.
Pasteurella multocida is a Gram-negative, nonmotile, penicillin-sensitive coccobacillus of the family Pasteurellaceae. [1] Strains of the species are currently classified into five serogroups (A, B, D, E, F) based on capsular composition and 16 somatic serovars (1–16).
The area becomes dusky and a shallow open sore forms as the skin around the bite dies . It is the only proven type of necrotic arachnidism in humans. [1] [a] While there is no known therapy effective for loxoscelism, there has been research on antibiotics, surgical timing, hyperbaric oxygen, potential antivenoms and vaccines. [1]