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All de facto present currencies in Europe, and an incomplete list of the preceding currency, are listed here. In Europe, the most commonly used currency is the euro (used by 26 countries); any country entering the European Union (EU) is expected to join the eurozone [1] when they meet the five convergence criteria. [2]
Although the word "markka" predates the currency by several centuries, the currency was established before being named "markka". A competition was held for its name, and some of the other entries included " sataikko " (meaning "having a hundred parts"), " omena " (apple) and " suomo " (from " Suomi ", the Finnish name for Finland).
The euro is the result of the European Union's project for economic and monetary union that came fully into being on 1 January 2002 and it is now the currency used by the majority of the European Union's member states, with all but Denmark (which has an opt-out in the EU treaties) bound to adopt it.
French pound – France; Gambian pound – The Gambia; Georgia pound – Georgia; Ghanaian pound – Ghana; Gibraltar pound – Gibraltar; Guadeloupe pound – Guadeloupe; Guernsey pound – Guernsey (not an independent currency) Haitian pound – Haiti; Irish pound – Ireland; Israeli pound – Israel; Italian pound – Italy; Jersey pound ...
Colour key and notes Indicates that a given currency is pegged to another currency (details) Italics indicates a state or territory with a low level of international recognition State or territory Currency Symbol [D] or Abbrev. ISO code Fractional unit Number to basic Abkhazia Abkhazian apsar [E] аҧ (none) (none) (none) Russian ruble ₽ RUB Kopeck 100 Afghanistan Afghan afghani ؋ AFN ...
The euro remains underweight as a reserve currency in advanced economies while overweight in emerging and developing economies: according to the International Monetary Fund [77] the total of euro held as a reserve in the world at the end of 2008 was equal to $1.1 trillion or €850 billion, with a share of 22% of all currency reserves in ...
Several European microstates outside the EU have adopted the euro as their currency. For EU sanctioning of this adoption, a monetary agreement must be concluded. Prior to the launch of the euro, agreements were reached with Monaco, San Marino, and Vatican City by EU member states (Italy in the case of San Marino and Vatican City, and France in the case of Monaco) allowing them to use the euro ...
Using a mechanism known as the "snake in the tunnel", the European Exchange Rate Mechanism was an attempt to minimize fluctuations between member state currencies—initially by managing the variance of each against its respective ECU reference rate—with the aim to achieve fixed ratios over time, and so enable the European Single Currency (which became known as the euro) to replace national ...