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Harappa (Punjabi pronunciation: [ɦəɽəˈpaː]) is an archaeological site in Punjab, Pakistan, about 24 kilometres (15 miles) west of Sahiwal.The Bronze Age Harappan civilisation, now more often called the Indus Valley Civilisation, is named after the site, which takes its name from a modern village near the former course of the Ravi River, which now runs eight kilometres (five miles) to the ...
The most widely known Indus Valley sites are Mohenjo-daro and Harappa; Mohenjo-daro is located in modern-day Sindh, while Harappa is in Pakistani Punjab. [6] in British India, around 1,100 (80%) sites are located on the plains between the rivers Ganges and Indus. [3]
Several periodisations are employed for the periodisation of the Indus Valley Civilisation. [1] [2] While the Indus Valley Civilisation was divided into Early, Mature, and Late Harappan by archaeologists like Mortimer Wheeler, [3] newer periodisations include the Neolithic early farming settlements, and use a stage–phase model, [1] [4] [3] often combining terminology from various systems.
Indus Valley Civilisation Alternative names Harappan civilisation ancient Indus Indus civilisation Geographical range Basins of the Indus river, Pakistan and the seasonal Ghaggar-Hakra river, eastern Pakistan and northwestern India Period Bronze Age South Asia Dates c. 3300 – c. 1300 BCE Type site Harappa Major sites Harappa, Mohenjo-daro, Dholavira, and Rakhigarhi Preceded by Mehrgarh ...
Harappa: Pakistan 35,000 [37] Kish: Iraq ... 2500–1200 BC City Location 2500 BC 2300 BC ... Later Middle Ages: 1000–1399 City Location 1000 1100 1150 1200
The earliest evidence of urban sanitation was seen in Harappa, Mohenjo-daro, and the recently discovered Rakhigarhi. This urban plan included the world's first urban sanitation systems. Within the city, individual homes or groups of homes obtained water from wells. Devices such as shadoofs and sakias were used to lift water to ground level.
Cusco, Peru. 1100 A.D. From 900 to 1200 A.D., before the arrival of the Incas in the 13th century, the Killke people occupied Cusco. Carbon dating of the walled complex outside the city ...
[4] According to Kennedy and Mallory & Adams, the Cemetery H culture also "shows clear biological affinities" with the earlier population of Harappa. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] Some traits of the Cemetery H culture have been associated with the Swat culture , which has been regarded as evidence of the Indo-Aryan movement toward the Indian subcontinent. [ 7 ]