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Chart showing the log of the velocity (green) of the U.S. M2, [1] [2] calculated by dividing nominal GDP by the M2 stock (M1 plus time deposits), 1959–2010.The employment-to-population ratio is displayed in blue, and periods of recession are represented with gray bars.
China M2 money supply vs USA M2 money supply Comparative chart on money supply growth against inflation rates M2 as a percent of GDP. In macroeconomics, money supply (or money stock) refers to the total volume of money held by the public at a particular point in time.
The money multiplier is normally presented in the context of some simple accounting identities: [1] [2] Usually, the money supply (M) is defined as consisting of two components: (physical) currency (C) and deposit accounts (D) held by the general public.
Modigliani risk-adjusted performance (also known as M 2, M2, Modigliani–Modigliani measure or RAP) is a measure of the risk-adjusted returns of some investment portfolio. It measures the returns of the portfolio, adjusted for the risk of the portfolio relative to that of some benchmark (e.g., the market).
Buffett's original chart used the Federal Reserve Economic Data (FRED) database from the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis for "corporate equities", [b] as it went back for over 80 years; however, many modern Buffett metrics simply use the main S&P 500 index, [3] or the broader Wilshire 5000 index instead.
However, if the current is a time-varying function, I(t), this formula must be extended to reflect the fact that the current (and thus the instantaneous power) is varying over time. If the function is periodic (such as household AC power), it is still meaningful to discuss the average power dissipated over time, which is calculated by taking ...
The integration of a flux over an area gives the volumetric flow rate. The SI unit is cubic metres per second (m 3 /s). Another unit used is standard cubic centimetres per minute (SCCM). In US customary units and imperial units, volumetric flow rate is often expressed as cubic feet per second (ft 3 /s) or gallons per minute (either US or ...
The energy payback time is the recovery time required for generating the energy spent for manufacturing a modern photovoltaic module. An 2008 estimate puts it at from 1 to 4 years [29] [30] depending on the module type and location. With a typical lifetime of 20 to 30 years, this means that modern solar cells would be net energy producers, i.e ...