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The restriction and extension of voting rights to different groups has been a contested process throughout United States history. The federal government has also been involved in attempts to increase voter turnout, by measures such as the National Voter Registration Act of 1993. The financing of elections has also long been controversial ...
B = “utility” benefit of voting--differential benefit of one candidate winning over the other C = costs of voting (time/effort spent) D = citizen duty, goodwill feeling, psychological and civic benefit of voting (this term is not included in Downs's original model)
For example, from the viewpoint of rational choice theory, the expected gains of voting depend on (1) the benefit to the voter if their candidate wins and (2) the probability that one's vote will determine the election's outcome. [38] Even in a tight election the probability that one's vote decides the outcome is estimated at effectively zero. [40]
Most elections in the U.S. select one person; elections with multiple members elected through proportional representation are relatively rare. Typical examples include the House of Representatives , where all members are elected in single-member districts, by First-past-the-post voting , instant-runoff voting , or by the two-round system .
The 1872–73 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between June 4, 1872, and April 7, 1873. Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives before the first session of the 43rd United States Congress convened on December 1, 1873.
The 1914 midterm elections became the first year that all regular Senate elections were held in even-numbered years, coinciding with the House elections. The ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1913 established the direct election of senators, instead of having them elected directly by state ...
As a Kansas state representative, chair of the House Committee on Elections, and a professor of homeland security at Wichita State University, I have grave concerns about the safety and security ...
The table below is a list of United States presidential elections by popular vote margin. It is sorted to display elections by their presidential term/year of election, name, margin by percentage in popular vote, popular vote, margin in popular vote by number, and the runner up in the Electoral College.