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The Riemann zeta function ζ(z) plotted with domain coloring. [1] The pole at = and two zeros on the critical line.. The Riemann zeta function or Euler–Riemann zeta function, denoted by the Greek letter ζ (), is a mathematical function of a complex variable defined as () = = = + + + for >, and its analytic continuation elsewhere.
The zeta function values listed below include function values at the negative even numbers (s = −2, −4, etc.), for which ζ(s) = 0 and which make up the so-called trivial zeros. The Riemann zeta function article includes a colour plot illustrating how the function varies over a continuous rectangular region of the complex plane.
The Riemann zeta function is defined for complex s with real part greater than 1 by the absolutely convergent infinite series = = = + + +Leonhard Euler considered this series in the 1730s for real values of s, in conjunction with his solution to the Basel problem.
where ζ(s) is the Riemann zeta function (which is undefined for s = 1). The multiplicities of distinct prime factors of X are independent random variables. The Riemann zeta function being the sum of all terms for positive integer k, it appears thus as the normalization of the Zipf distribution. The terms "Zipf distribution" and the "zeta ...
Riemann zeta function ζ(s) in the complex plane. The color of a point s encodes the value of ζ ( s ): colors close to black denote values close to zero, while hue encodes the value's argument . In mathematics , analytic number theory is a branch of number theory that uses methods from mathematical analysis to solve problems about the integers ...
Like the Riemann zeta function, the multiple zeta functions can be analytically continued to be meromorphic functions (see, for example, Zhao (1999)). When s 1, ..., s k are all positive integers (with s 1 > 1) these sums are often called multiple zeta values (MZVs) or Euler sums. These values can also be regarded as special values of the ...
Since the Hurwitz zeta function is a generalization of the Riemann zeta function, we have γ n (1)=γ n The zeroth constant is simply the digamma-function γ 0 (a)=-Ψ(a), [28] while other constants are not known to be reducible to any elementary or classical function of analysis. Nevertheless, there are numerous representations for them.
Leonhard Euler proved the Euler product formula for the Riemann zeta function in his thesis Variae observationes circa series infinitas (Various Observations about Infinite Series), published by St Petersburg Academy in 1737. [1] [2]