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Scleritis is a serious inflammatory disease that affects the white outer coating of the eye, known as the sclera. The disease is often contracted through association with other diseases of the body, such as granulomatosis with polyangiitis or rheumatoid arthritis .
Episcleritis is a benign, self-limiting condition, meaning patients recover without any treatment. Most cases of episcleritis resolve within 7–10 days. [2] The nodular type is more aggressive and takes longer to resolve. [2] Although rare, some cases may progress to scleritis. [13]
Treatment of secondary membranous nephropathy is guided by the treatment of the original disease. For treatment of idiopathic membranous nephropathy, the treatment options include immunosuppressive drugs and non-specific anti-proteinuric measures such as ACE inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers .
3.3 per 100,000 (adults), 50 per 100,000 (children) [90] Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: ADAMTS13 autoantibodies Confirmed 1-2 per million [91] Antiphospholipid syndrome: Antiphospholipid antibodies Confirmed 40-50 per 100,000 [92] Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: None specific, mutation causes self-cells to become susceptible to ...
Scleritis is a serious inflammatory disease of the sclera causing redness of the sclera often progressing to purple. Yellowing or a light green color of the sclera is a visual symptom of jaundice. In cases of osteogenesis imperfecta, the sclera may appear to have a blue tint, more pronounced than the slight blue tint seen in children.
Intravitrial injection of steroid has proven to be a newer useful way to control inflammation for longer without the need for daily eyedrops. Dexamethasone and fluocinolone acetonide are two more commonly used options for noninfectious uveitis. [31] Non-biologic, steroid sparing therapies for noninfectious uveitis in adults are now more available.
Management includes assessing whether emergency action (including referral) is needed, or whether treatment can be accomplished without additional resources. Slit lamp examination is invaluable in diagnosis but initial assessment can be performed using a careful history, testing vision ( visual acuity ), and carrying out a penlight examination .
Central retinal vein occlusion, also CRVO, is when the central retinal vein becomes occluded, usually through thrombosis.The central retinal vein is the venous equivalent of the central retinal artery and both may become occluded. [1]