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  2. Pentose phosphate pathway - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentose_phosphate_pathway

    The pentose phosphate pathway. The pentose phosphate pathway (also called the phosphogluconate pathway and the hexose monophosphate shunt or HMP shunt) is a metabolic pathway parallel to glycolysis. [1] It generates NADPH and pentoses (five-carbon sugars) as well as ribose 5-phosphate, a precursor for the synthesis of nucleotides. [1]

  3. Pentose - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentose

    In chemistry, a pentose is a monosaccharide (simple sugar) with five carbon atoms. [1] The chemical formula of many pentoses is C 5 H 10 O 5, and their molecular weight is 150.13 g/mol. [2] Pentoses are very important in biochemistry. Ribose is a constituent of RNA, and the related molecule, deoxyribose, is a constituent of DNA.

  4. Ribose - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribose

    L-Ribose Fischer Projection. Ribose is a simple sugar and carbohydrate with molecular formula C 5 H 10 O 5 and the linear-form composition H−(C=O)−(CHOH) 4 −H. The naturally occurring form, d-ribose, is a component of the ribonucleotides from which RNA is built, and so this compound is necessary for coding, decoding, regulation and expression of genes.

  5. Nucleic acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleic_acid

    All living cells contain both DNA and RNA (except some cells such as mature red blood cells), while viruses contain either DNA or RNA, but usually not both. [15] The basic component of biological nucleic acids is the nucleotide , each of which contains a pentose sugar ( ribose or deoxyribose ), a phosphate group, and a nucleobase . [ 16 ]

  6. D-Ribose pyranase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-Ribose_Pyranase

    It has two known functions of helping transport ribose into cells and producing β-D-ribofuranose, which can later be used to make ribose 5-phosphate for the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). D-Ribose pyranase does not have a defined crystal structure but there are two different proposed structures. The active site of D-ribose pyranase is high ...

  7. Ribonucleotide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribonucleotide

    The general structure of a ribonucleotide consists of a phosphate group, a ribose sugar group, and a nucleobase, in which the nucleobase can either be adenine, guanine, cytosine, or uracil. Without the phosphate group, the composition of the nucleobase and sugar is known as a nucleoside.

  8. Glucose 6-phosphate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucose_6-phosphate

    This dianion is very common in cells as the majority of glucose entering a cell will become phosphorylated in this way. Because of its prominent position in cellular chemistry, glucose 6-phosphate has many possible fates within the cell. It lies at the start of two major metabolic pathways: glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway.

  9. File:Cell membrane detailed diagram en.svg - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cell_membrane...

    English: The cell membrane, also called the plasma membrane or plasmalemma, is a semipermeable lipid bilayer common to all living cells. It contains a variety of biological molecules, primarily proteins and lipids, which are involved in a vast array of cellular processes.