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Fetal hydantoin syndrome, also called fetal dilantin syndrome, is a group of defects caused to the developing fetus by exposure to teratogenic effects of phenytoin. Dilantin is the brand name of the drug phenytoin sodium in the United States, commonly used in the treatment of epilepsy.
Pregnant patients with epilepsy should keep track of their seizure activity and report all breakthrough seizures, regardless of severity, to their healthcare providers. Sleep deprivation , which often happens in the third trimester of pregnancy and the postpartum period, is a common seizure trigger (particularly for frontal lobe and idiopathic ...
[6] [7] [8] There is evidence that use during pregnancy results in abnormalities in the baby. [3] It appears to be safe to use when breastfeeding. [3] Alcohol may interfere with the medication's effects. [3] Phenytoin was first made in 1908 by the German chemist Heinrich Biltz and found useful for seizures in 1936.
During pregnancy, the metabolism of many anticonvulsants is affected. There may be an increase in the clearance and resultant decrease in the blood concentration of lamotrigine, phenytoin, and to a lesser extent carbamazepine, and possibly decreases the level of levetiracetam and the active oxcarbazepine metabolite, the monohydroxy derivative. [94]
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However, not all of them are safe to use during pregnancy. One of the components of bismuth subsalicylate is salicylate, which is a component that crosses the placenta. Due to this, there is an increased risk for intrauterine growth retardation, fetal hemorrhage, and maternal hemorrhage within organogenesis and in the second/third trimester. [ 12 ]
Image credits: midnightsunofab**ch #3. My daughter was born with Cystic Fibrosis. We knew she was going to have this due to genetic testing that was done before she was born.
The hydantoin group can be found in several medicinally important compounds. [1] In pharmaceuticals, hydantoin derivatives form a class of anticonvulsants; [8] phenytoin and fosphenytoin both contain hydantoin moieties and are both used as anticonvulsants in the treatment of seizure disorders.