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Icelandic name Manuscript description Image Að unni “To get a girl”, this magical stave is used by a man in love to gain the affections of the object of his desires. [2] Ægishjálmur: Helm of Awe (or Helm of Terror); to induce fear, protect the warrior, and prevail in battle. [2] Angurgapi: Carved on the ends of barrels to prevent leaking.
The j rune was rendered superfluous due to Old Norse sound changes, but was kept with the new sound value of a. The old z rune was kept (transliterated in the context of Old Norse as ʀ) but moved to the end of the rune row in the only change of letter ordering in Younger Futhark. The third ætt was reduced by four runes, losing the e, ŋ, o ...
Anonymous Rune Poems (Anon) - An Icelandic Rune Poem and a Norwegian Rune Poem, authors unknown. [ 30 ] Anonymous Þulur (Þul) - A collection of 66 texts from the 12th century, author unknown.
The Norwegian Rune Poem was preserved in a 17th-century copy of a destroyed 13th-century manuscript. [4] The Norwegian Rune Poem is preserved in skaldic metre, featuring the first line exhibiting a "(rune name)(copula) X" pattern, followed by a second rhyming line providing information somehow relating to its subject.
The evolution of the rune in the elder futhark during the centuries. The k-rune ᚲ (Younger Futhark ᚴ, Anglo-Saxon futhorc ᚳ) is called Kaun in both the Norwegian and Icelandic rune poems, meaning "ulcer". The reconstructed Proto-Germanic name is *Kauną. It is also known as Kenaz ("torch"), based on its Anglo-Saxon name.
The rune ᚦ is called Thurs (Old Norse Þurs, a type of entity, from a reconstructed Common Germanic *Þurisaz) in the Icelandic and Norwegian rune poems.In the Anglo-Saxon rune poem it is called thorn, whence the name of the letter þ derived.
The Galdrabók (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈkaltraˌpouːk], Book of Magic) is an Icelandic grimoire dated to c. 1600. [1] It is a small manuscript containing a collection of 47 spells and sigils/staves. [2] The grimoire was compiled by four people, possibly starting in the late 16th century and going on until the mid-17th century.
Thus the Old Norse name Baldr comes out as Baldur in modern Icelandic. Other differences include vowel-shifts, whereby Old Norse ǫ became Icelandic ö, and Old Norse œ (oe ligature) became Icelandic æ (ae ligature). Old Norse ø corresponds in modern Icelandic to ö, as in sökkva, or to e, as in gera.