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One study finds "that increases in levels of education improve levels of democracy and that the democratizing effect of education is more intense in poor countries". [142] It is commonly claimed that democracy and democratization were important drivers of the expansion of primary education around the world.
He argued for progressive education, for an education to prepare for democracy, and founded the University of Chicago laboratory schools to test and evaluate his progressive education ideas in practice. [9] His views on education were influential for the upcoming new educational movement and emphasized the importance of the implementation of ...
Other critics argue the causal relationship is reverse (democracy is more likely to lead to economic modernization) [7] [1] or that economic modernization helps democracies survive but does not prompt democratization. [8] Other scholars provide supporting evidence, showing that economic development significantly predicts democratization. [9 ...
[9] [10] [11] Since the end of the Cold War transitional regimes have become the most common form of government. [ 12 ] [ 13 ] Scholarly analysis of the decorative nature of democratic institutions concludes that the opposite democratic backsliding (autocratization), a transition to authoritarianism is the most prevalent basis of modern hybrid ...
The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century is a 1991 book by Samuel P. Huntington which outlines the significance of a third wave of democratization to describe the global trend that has seen more than 60 countries throughout Europe, Latin America, Asia, and Africa undergo some form of democratic transitions since Portugal's "Carnation Revolution" in 1974.
The Closing of the American Mind: How Higher Education Has Failed Democracy and Impoverished the Souls of Today's Students is a 1987 book by the philosopher Allan Bloom, in which the author criticizes the openness of relativism, in academia and society in general, as leading paradoxically to the great closing referenced in the book's title.
In political science, the waves of democracy or waves of democratization are major surges of democracy that have occurred in history. Although the term appears at least as early as 1887, [1] it was popularized by Samuel P. Huntington, a political scientist at Harvard University, in his article published in the Journal of Democracy and further expounded in his 1991 book, The Third Wave ...
Effects of democracy on economic growth and effect of economic growth on democracy can be distinguished. While evidence of a relationship is irrefutable, [1] economists' and historians' opinions of its exact nature have been sharply split, hence the latter has been the subject of many debates and studies. [citation needed]