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Silicon dioxide, also known as silica, is an oxide of silicon with the chemical formula SiO 2, commonly found in nature as quartz. [5] [6] In many parts of the world, silica is the major constituent of sand. Silica is one of the most complex and abundant families of materials, existing as a compound of several minerals and as a synthetic product.
Silicon tetrachloride is manufactured on a huge scale as a precursor to the production of pure silicon, silicon dioxide, and some silicon esters. [11] The silicon tetrahalides hydrolyse readily in water, unlike the carbon tetrahalides, again because of the larger size of the silicon atom rendering it more open to nucleophilic attack and the ...
Calcium silicate, also known as slag, is produced when molten iron is made from iron ore, silicon dioxide and calcium carbonate in a blast furnace. When this material is processed into a highly refined, re-purposed calcium silicate aggregate, it is used in the remediation of acid mine drainage (AMD) on active and passive mine sites. [13]
Another reaction, sometimes used, is aluminothermal reduction of silicon dioxide, as follows: [73] 3 SiO 2 + 4 Al → 3 Si + 2 Al 2 O 3. Leaching powdered 96–97% pure silicon with water results in ~98.5% pure silicon, which is used in the chemical industry.
Oxidation of organosilicon compounds, including siloxanes, gives silicon dioxide. This conversion is illustrated by the combustion of hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane: ((CH 3) 2 SiO) 3 + 12 O 2 → 3 SiO 2 + 6 CO 2 + 9 H 2 O. Strong base degrades siloxane group, often affording siloxide salts: ((CH 3) 3 Si) 2 O + 2 NaOH → 2 (CH 3) 3 SiONa + H 2 O
Silica gel is an amorphous and porous form of silicon dioxide (silica), consisting of an irregular tridimensional framework of alternating silicon and oxygen atoms with nanometer-scale voids and pores. The voids may contain water or some other liquids, or may be filled by gas or vacuum.
In chemistry, a silicic acid (/ s ɪ ˈ l ɪ s ɪ k /) is any chemical compound containing the element silicon attached to oxide (=O) and hydroxyl (−OH) groups, with the general formula [H 2x SiO x+2] n or, equivalently, [SiO x (OH) 4−2x] n. [1] [2] Orthosilicic acid is a representative example.
Silicalite is an inorganic compound with the formula SiO 2. It is one of several forms of silicon dioxide. It is a white solid. It consists of tetrahedral silicon centers and two-coordinate oxides. It is prepared by hydrothermal reaction using tetrapropylammonium hydroxide followed by calcining to remove residual ammonium salts.