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The main structure of chemical names according to IUPAC nomenclature. The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) has published four sets of rules to standardize chemical nomenclature. There are two main areas: IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry (Red Book) IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry (Blue Book)
For example, the three isomers of xylene CH 3 C 6 H 4 CH 3, commonly the ortho-, meta-, and para-forms, are 1,2-dimethylbenzene, 1,3-dimethylbenzene, and 1,4-dimethylbenzene. The cyclic structures can also be treated as functional groups themselves, in which case they take the prefix "cycloalkyl-" (e.g. "cyclohexyl-") or for benzene, "phenyl-".
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4.172 055 713 266 37 × 10 44: C 97 H 196: n-heptanonacontane 98 7.856 847 598 530 88 × 10 38: 1.336 772 071 150 80 × 10 45: C 98 H 198: n-octanonacontane 99 2.156 596 319 845 08 × 10 39: 4.284 272 900 597 84 × 10 45: C 99 H 200: n-nonanonacontane 100 5.921 072 038 125 81 × 10 39: 1.373 431 909 183 29 × 10 47: C 100 H 202: n-hectane 101 1 ...
4-Isopropylphenol is an organic compound with the formula (CH 3) 2 CHC 6 H 4 OH. The molecule consists of an isopropyl group affixed to the para ( p -) position of phenol . The compound, a white solid, is produced by the alkylation of phenol with propylene and is relevant to the production of the commodity chemical bisphenol A (BPA).
Heptane or n-heptane is the straight-chain alkane with the chemical formula H 3 C(CH 2) 5 CH 3 or C 7 H 16.When used as a test fuel component in anti-knock test engines, a 100% heptane fuel is the zero point of the octane rating scale (the 100 point is 100% iso-octane).
Alternatively, more explicit structure-based nomenclature can be used when the polymer structure is proven. Where there is no confusion, some traditional names are also acceptable. Whatever method is used, all polymer names have the prefix poly, followed by enclosing marks around the rest of the name. The marks are used in the order: {[( )]}.
The names "caffeine" and "3,7-dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione" both signify the same chemical compound.The systematic name encodes the structure and composition of the caffeine molecule in some detail, and provides an unambiguous reference to this compound, whereas the name "caffeine" simply names it.