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Calcium carbonate antacid tablets. An antacid is a substance which neutralizes stomach acidity and is used to relieve heartburn, indigestion, or an upset stomach. [1] Some antacids have been used in the treatment of constipation and diarrhea. [2] Marketed antacids contain salts of aluminum, calcium, magnesium, or sodium. [2]
Many of the drugs in the same class exert additive effect as they have a similar therapeutic mechanism of action. For example, the calcium carbonate , magnesium , and aluminium salts are all antacids with the mechanism of using the negative ion to neutralize the acid in the stomach. [ 5 ]
Alka-Seltzer is an effervescent antacid and pain reliever owned by Bayer since 1978. First marketed by the Dr. Miles Medicine Company of Elkhart, Indiana, United States, Alka-Seltzer contains three active ingredients: aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid or ASA), sodium bicarbonate, and anhydrous citric acid. [1]
In chemistry, antagonism is a phenomenon wherein two or more agents in combination have an overall effect that is less than the sum of their individual effects. The word is most commonly used in this context in biochemistry and toxicology : interference in the physiological action of a chemical substance by another having a similar structure.
Simethicone tablets. Simeticone is used to relieve the symptoms of excessive gas in the gastrointestinal tract, namely bloating, burping, and flatulence. [2] [3] While there is a lack of conclusive evidence that simeticone is effective for this use, [4] [5] [failed verification] studies have shown that it can relieve symptoms of functional dyspepsia [6] and functional bloating.
Many adults who use ibuprofen and other anti-inflammatory drugs unwittingly take too much, increasing their risk of a slew of serious side effects.
As an antacid, magnesium hydroxide is dosed at approximately 0.5–1.5 g in adults and works by simple neutralization, in which the hydroxide ions from the Mg(OH) 2 combine with acidic H + ions (or hydronium ions) produced in the form of hydrochloric acid by parietal cells in the stomach, to produce water.
Antacids containing aluminium and calcium reduce the absorption of all tetracyclines, and dairy products reduce absorption greatly for all but minocycline. The breakdown products of tetracyclines are toxic and can cause Fanconi syndrome , a potentially fatal disease affecting proximal tubular function in the nephrons of the kidney.