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Justification (also called epistemic justification) is a property of beliefs that fulfill certain norms about what a person should believe. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Epistemologists often identify justification as a component of knowledge distinguishing it from mere true opinion. [ 3 ]
In philosophy, an explanation is a set of statements that renders understandable the existence or occurrence of an object, event, or state of affairs. Among its most common forms are: Causal explanation; Deductive-nomological explanation, involves subsuming the explanandum under a generalization from which it may be derived in a deductive ...
When non-free media files (images, videos, and audio clips) are used on Wikipedia, a justification for their usage, called a non-free use rationale (or use rationale or fair use rationale), must be presented in the file description page, explaining how the file is used in a way consistent with Wikipedia's non-free content criteria.
One might conclude that there must be some statements that, for some reason, do not need justification. This view is called foundationalism . For instance, rationalists such as Descartes and Spinoza developed axiomatic systems that relied on statements that were taken to be self-evident: " I think therefore I am " is the most famous example.
For example, the proposition that water is H 2 O (if it is true): According to Kripke, this statement is both necessarily true, because water and H 2 O are the same thing, they are identical in every possible world, and truths of identity are logically necessary; and a posteriori, because it is known only through empirical investigation.
System justification theory is a theory within social psychology that system-justifying beliefs serve a psychologically palliative function. It proposes that people have several underlying needs, which vary from individual to individual, that can be satisfied by the defense and justification of the status quo, even when the system may be disadvantageous to certain people.
“Your investigation concluded, without sufficient justification, that the growth was due to sample contamination. The batch was released based on retest results,” the warning letter said.
A design rationale is the explicit listing of decisions made during a design process, and the reasons why those decisions were made. [2] Its primary goal is to support designers by providing a means to record and communicate the argumentation and reasoning behind the design process. [3]
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