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Among dividing cells, there are multiple levels of cell potency, which is the cell's ability to differentiate into other cell types. A greater potency indicates a larger number of cell types that can be derived. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent.
If a cell is in a determined state, the cell's fate cannot be reversed or transformed. In general, this means that a cell determined to differentiate into a brain cell cannot be transformed into a skin cell. Determination is followed by differentiation, the actual changes in biochemistry, structure, and function that result in specific cell types.
Embryonic stem cells exhibit dramatic and complex alterations to both global and site-specific chromatin structures. Lee et al. performed an experiment to determine the importance of deacetylation and acetylation for stem cell differentiation by looking at global acetylation and methylation levels at certain site-specific modification in histone sites H3K9 and H3K4.
In terms of developmental commitment, a cell can either be specified or it can be determined. Specification is the first stage in differentiation. [2] A cell that is specified can have its commitment reversed while the determined state is irreversible. [3]
Cell differentiation relates specifically to the formation of functional cell types such as nerve, muscle, secretory epithelia, etc. Differentiated cells contain large amounts of specific proteins associated with cell function. Morphogenesis relates to the formation of a three-dimensional shape. It mainly involves the orchestrated movements of ...
These then trigger traveling embryonic differentiation waves of contraction or expansion over presumptive tissues that determine cell type and is followed by cell differentiation. The cell state splitter was first proposed to explain neural plate morphogenesis during gastrulation of the axolotl [ 18 ] and the model was later generalized to all ...
Accused murderer Luigi Mangione’s grandmother reportedly left tens of millions of dollars to her children and grandchildren after she died, but did so on one condition: that any grandchild ...
The different stages of mitosis all together define the M phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two genetically identical daughter cells. [3] To ensure proper progression through the cell cycle, DNA damage is detected and repaired at various checkpoints throughout the cycle.