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The small plate shown in the first picture is a hand lapping plate. That particular plate is made of cast iron. In use, a slurry of emery powder would be spread on the plate and the workpiece simply rubbed against the plate, usually in a "figure-eight" pattern. Small lapping machine. The second picture is of a commercially available lapping ...
Granite surface plate calibration should be performed routinely to maintain proper flatness and ensure measurement accuracy over time. The intervals between calibrations depends on the environment where the surface plate is located. When needed, lapping or resurfacing is provided to bring measurements within grade guidelines.
A hand scraper is a single-edged tool used to scrape metal or other materials from a surface. This may be required where a surface needs to be trued, corrected for fit to a mating part, needs to retain oil (usually on a freshly ground surface), or to give a decorative finish. Surface plates were traditionally made by scraping. [1]
It involves the use of small particles of grit to grind away small chips of material from the surface of an optical workpiece. The grit particles are known as free abrasives. The particles are added to a liquid slurry, which goes between a grinding plate and the material. Sliding motions between the grinding plate and the material are used. [4]
Flat honing wheels are available with full faced layers of abrasive although grooves of different geometry can be introduced to enhance a better removal of material. These abrasives are fixed onto a steel plate. For vitrified bonded flat honing wheels, round or hexagonal pellets are used and are fixed to the steel plate with a special adhesive ...
Abrasive machining is a machining process where material is removed from a workpiece using a multitude of small abrasive particles. Common examples include grinding, honing, and polishing. Abrasive processes are usually expensive, but capable of tighter tolerances and better surface finish than other machining processes
An example would be grinding gates off of castings, deburring or removing excess weld material. It is coarse in appearance and applied by using 36–100 grit abrasive. [5] When the finish is specified as #3, the material is polished to a uniform 60–80 grit. #4 Architectural finish. Also known as brushed, directional or satin finish. A #4 ...
Shortly afterwards, a new division was set up to concentrate specifically on flat lapping using the technology of the Kemet composite plates. The result of this new venture was the introduction of a range of liquid diamond products and precision flat lapping machines developed for production lapping applications.