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The grade of chlorine-based bleaches is often expressed as percent active chlorine. One gram of 100% active chlorine bleach has the same bleaching power as one gram of elemental chlorine. The most common chlorine-based bleaches are: Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), usually as a 3–6% solution in water, usually called "liquid bleach" or just "bleach".
Alkaline cleaning agents contain strong bases like sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. Bleach (pH 12) and ammonia (pH 11) are common alkaline cleaning agents. Often, dispersants, to prevent redeposition of dissolved dirt, and chelants, to attack rust, are added to the alkaline agent.
The hypochlorite anion and chlorine are in equilibrium in water; the position of the equilibrium is pH dependent and low pH (acidic) favors chlorine, [11] Cl 2 + H 2 O ⇌ 2H + + Cl − + ClO −. A hypochlorite bleach can react violently with hydrogen peroxide and produce oxygen gas: H 2 O 2 (aq) + NaOCl (aq) → NaCl (aq) + H 2 O(l) + O 2 (g)
[47] [48] It may be made by diluting household bleach as appropriate (normally 1 part bleach to 9 parts water). [49] Such solutions have been demonstrated to inactivate both C. difficile [47] and HPV. [50] "Weak chlorine solution" is a 0.05% solution of hypochlorite used for washing hands, but is normally prepared with calcium hypochlorite ...
Due to the vigorous reaction between the acid and water, such acidic drain openers should be added slowly into the pipe to be cleaned. Acidic drain openers (in very high concentrations) hydrolyze proteins and fats via acid hydrolysis (acid-catalyzed hydrolysis), similar to their alkaline versions: RCONH 2 (amide or proteins) + H 3 O + → NH 4 ...
Hydrogen peroxide is a chemical compound with the formula H 2 O 2.In its pure form, it is a very pale blue [5] liquid that is slightly more viscous than water.It is used as an oxidizer, bleaching agent, and antiseptic, usually as a dilute solution (3%–6% by weight) in water for consumer use and in higher concentrations for industrial use.
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