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A building estimator or cost estimator is an individual that quantifies the materials, labor, and equipment needed to complete a construction project. Building cost estimating can concern diverse forms of construction from residential properties to hi-rise and civil works.
Quantity is a property that can exist as a magnitude or multitude. For example 1200 mm or 10 each. Quantity surveyor (QS) is a professional working within the construction industry concerned with building costs, in the U.K. and some other areas. A QS employs standard methods of measurement to develop a bill of quantities.
The International Cost Engineering Congress (ICEC) was founded in 1976 as a Worldwide Confederation of Cost Engineering, Quantity Surveying and Project Management Societies. In 2006, AACE published the Total Cost Management (TCM) Framework, which outlines an integrated process for applying the skills and knowledge of cost engineering (see ...
He was born in British India in 1900 and was initially educated in Amritsar and Lahore, Punjab. [citation needed] He graduated and received his D.Sc. in mathematics, and gained specialisation in Cartography, from Punjab University, Lahore; he became a full professor of mathematics at Khalsa College, Amritsar.
Shoelace scheme for determining the area of a polygon with point coordinates (,),..., (,). The shoelace formula, also known as Gauss's area formula and the surveyor's formula, [1] is a mathematical algorithm to determine the area of a simple polygon whose vertices are described by their Cartesian coordinates in the plane. [2]
A quantity surveyor (QS) is a construction industry professional with expert knowledge on construction costs and contracts.Qualified professional quantity surveyors can be known as Chartered Surveyors (Members and Fellows of RICS) in the UK and Certified Quantity Surveyors (a designation of the Australian Institute of Quantity Surveyors) in Australia and other countries.
Survey of Pakistan (Urdu: مساحتِ پاکستان, romanized: masāhat-e-pākistān) is the sole national mapping and land surveying government agency of Pakistan. Its head of department is titles as "Surveyor General of Pakistan". [1]
In surveying, free stationing (also known as resection) is a method of determining a location of one unknown point in relation to known points. [1] There is a zero point of reference called a total station .