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An HSK (Level 6) Examination Score Report. The Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi (HSK; Chinese: 汉语水平考试; pinyin: Hànyǔ Shuǐpíng Kǎoshì), translated as the Chinese Proficiency Test, [1] is the People's Republic of China's standardized test of proficiency in the Standard Chinese language for non-native speakers.
However, for each test the number of words or characters required differs. For example, TOCFL generally requires more vocabulary at each level compared to the pre-2021 HSK. In 2010, Hanban asserted that the HSK's six levels corresponded to the six levels of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). [7]
The modern Japanese writing system uses a combination of logographic kanji, which are adopted Chinese characters, and syllabic kana.Kana itself consists of a pair of syllabaries: hiragana, used primarily for native or naturalized Japanese words and grammatical elements; and katakana, used primarily for foreign words and names, loanwords, onomatopoeia, scientific names, and sometimes for emphasis.
The Japanese-Language Proficiency Test (日本語能力試験, Nihongo Nōryoku Shiken), or JLPT, is a standardized criterion-referenced test to evaluate and certify Japanese language proficiency for non-native speakers, covering language knowledge, reading ability, and listening ability. [1]
Afrikaans; العربية; Aragonés; Azərbaycanca; বাংলা; Беларуская; Български; Català; Čeština; Dansk; Deutsch; Español; Esperanto
Beijing Language and Culture Univeristy runs "HSK" with levels 1-11, and also runs "gaijin HSK" with level 1-6. Both Hanban and BLCU claim to be the authorative HSK test providers. In addition there are other spin-off tests, such as Hanban's YCT(for youth) and BCT(for business), as well as BLCU's C-Test(communicative).
Japan Foundation Test for Basic Japanese (JFT-Basic) [73] Pass Certificate of Japanese as a Foreign Language (J-Cert) [74] N/A A2.1 A2.2 B1 B2 C1 C2 Korean: Test of Proficiency in Korean [75] Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5–Level 6 Luxembourgish: Institut National des Langues [76] A2 B1 B2 C1 Norwegian: Norskprøve [77] A1 A2 B1 B2
Candidates who pass the test are given a Certificate of Putonghua Proficiency Level at levels 1, 2 or 3, each of which is subdivided into grades A and B: [8] [9] Level 1-A (97% correct) is required for presenters in national and provincial radio and television. [8] Level 1-B (92% correct) is required for Chinese-language teachers in northern ...