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  2. Cartesian coordinate system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartesian_coordinate_system

    The standard orientation, where the xy-plane is horizontal and the z-axis points up (and the x- and the y-axis form a positively oriented two-dimensional coordinate system in the xy-plane if observed from above the xy-plane) is called right-handed or positive. 3D Cartesian coordinate handedness. The name derives from the right-hand rule.

  3. Abscissa and ordinate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abscissa_and_ordinate

    In common usage, the abscissa refers to the x coordinate and the ordinate refers to the y coordinate of a standard two-dimensional graph. [1] [2]The distance of a point from the y axis, scaled with the x axis, is called the abscissa or x coordinate of the point.

  4. Rotation of axes in two dimensions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation_of_axes_in_two...

    A point P has coordinates (x, y) with respect to the original system and coordinates (x′, y′) with respect to the new system. [1] In the new coordinate system, the point P will appear to have been rotated in the opposite direction, that is, clockwise through the angle . A rotation of axes in more than two dimensions is defined similarly.

  5. Rotation matrix - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation_matrix

    If we condense the skew entries into a vector, (x,y,z), then we produce a 90° rotation around the x-axis for (1, 0, 0), around the y-axis for (0, 1, 0), and around the z-axis for (0, 0, 1). The 180° rotations are just out of reach; for, in the limit as x → ∞ , ( x , 0, 0) does approach a 180° rotation around the x axis, and similarly for ...

  6. Right-hand rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right-hand_rule

    When viewed at a position along the positive z-axis, the ¼ turn from the positive x-to the positive y-axis is counter-clockwise. For left-handed coordinates, the above description of the axes is the same, except using the left hand; and the ¼ turn is clockwise. Interchanging the labels of any two axes reverses the handedness.

  7. Translation of axes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translation_of_axes

    For an xyz-Cartesian coordinate system in three dimensions, suppose that a second Cartesian coordinate system is introduced, with axes x', y' and z' so located that the x' axis is parallel to the x axis and h units from it, the y' axis is parallel to the y axis and k units from it, and the z' axis is parallel to the z axis and l units from it.

  8. Coordinate system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordinate_system

    For example, in the plane, if Cartesian coordinates (x, y) and polar coordinates (r, θ) have the same origin, and the polar axis is the positive x axis, then the coordinate transformation from polar to Cartesian coordinates is given by x = r cosθ and y = r sinθ.

  9. Aircraft principal axes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft_principal_axes

    Longitudinal axis, or roll axis — an axis drawn through the body of the vehicle from tail to nose in the normal direction of flight, or the direction the pilot faces, similar to a ship's waterline. Normally, these axes are represented by the letters X, Y and Z in order to compare them with some reference frame, usually named x, y, z.