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Every decision in the product development process affects cost: design is typically considered to account for 70–80% of the final cost of a project such as an engineering project [1] or the construction of a building. [2] In the public sector, cost reduction programs can be used where income is reduced or to reduce debt levels. [3]
The project is then invoiced to the customer based on the actual costs incurred plus the agreed margin. It is essentially the same as what is known (especially in the U.S.) as a cost-plus contract. This contract form is popular to ensure that a competitive price is obtained, for instance in cases where tender competitions are impractical.
The cost breakdown analysis is a popular cost reduction strategy and a viable opportunity for businesses. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The price of a product or service is defined as cost plus profit, whereas cost can be broken down further into direct cost and indirect cost . [ 1 ]
The business model canvas is a strategic management template that is used for developing new business models and documenting existing ones. [2] [3] It offers a visual chart with elements describing a firm's or product's value proposition, [4] infrastructure, customers, and finances, [1] assisting businesses to align their activities by illustrating potential trade-offs.
RFQs can be very detailed, so proposals written to RFQs can be lengthy but are generally much shorter than an RFP-proposal. [1] RFQ proposals consist primarily of cost data, with brief narratives addressing customer issues, such as quality control. Invitation for bid (IFB) Customers issue IFBs when they are buying some service, such as ...
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agreeing a reduction in price, obtaining the same item for less cost sourcing, or developing a supply of, a lower quality item at a reduced cost, where the item is still fit for purpose obtaining added value for the same cost, e.g. negotiating extended warranties , additional spare parts etc. [ 52 ]
Target costing is defined as "a disciplined process for determining and achieving a full-stream cost at which a proposed product with specified functionality, performance, and quality must be produced in order to generate the desired profitability at the product’s anticipated selling price over a specified period of time in the future."
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