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Hagia Sophia (Turkish: Ayasofya; Ancient Greek: Ἁγία Σοφία, romanized: Hagía Sophía; Latin: Sancta Sapientia; lit. ' Holy Wisdom '), officially the Hagia Sophia Grand Mosque,(Turkish: Ayasofya-i Kebir Cami-i Şerifi; Greek: Μεγάλο Τζαμί της Αγίας Σοφίας), is a mosque and former church serving as a major cultural and historical site in Istanbul, Turkey.
The Basilica of Hagia Sophia of Edessa (Greek: Ἁγία Σοφία, meaning "Holy Wisdom") was an ancient Early Christian church and later a Byzantine basilica. It was constructed in the early 3rd century , destroyed in a flood in 525, and restored as a Byzantine basilica by Justinian I .
[note 1] This rite reached its climax in the Typikon of the Great Church (Hagia Sophia) which was used in only two places, its eponymous cathedral and in the Basilica of Saint Demetrios in Thessalonica; in the latter it survived until the Ottoman conquest and most of what is known of it comes from descriptions in the writings of Saint Symeon of ...
Hagia Sophia is a cross-in-square style church, topped with a dome. The main room measures 14x14 meters, while its dome is seven meters in diameter and has sixteen windows. [6] [7] The church belongs to the so-called Epirotic octagonal-room with dome type, and is considered to be one of its finest examples. [1]
The "Halfdan inscription" - 2014 Transcription of the recognizable Halfdan runes. The first runic inscription was discovered in 1964 on a parapet on the top floor of the southern gallery, and the discovery was published by Elisabeth Svärdström in "Runorna i Hagia Sofia", Fornvännen 65 (1970), 247–49.
an anonymous Story on the Construction of the Hagia Sophia, written between the late 6th and the late 10th centuries, but more likely at some time in the 9th century. [2] a topographical study dedicated to Alexios I. [2]
The most severe of these was the Nika riots of 532, in which an estimated 30,000 people were killed [7] and many important buildings were destroyed, such as the nearby second Hagia Sophia, the Byzantine cathedral. The current (third) Hagia Sophia was built by Justinian I following the Nika riots.
After a great earthquake in 989 partly collapsed the dome of Hagia Sophia, Byzantine officials summoned Trdat to Byzantium to organize its repair. The rebuilt dome was completed by 994. [3] According to contemporary Armenian historian Stepanos Taronetsi (Asoghik): Even [Hagia] Sophia, the cathedral, was torn to pieces from top to bottom.