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Of California's total plant population, 2,153 species, subspecies, and varieties are endemic and native to California alone, according to the 1993 Jepson Manual study. [4] This botanical diversity stems not only from the size of the state, but also its diverse topographies , climates, and soils (e.g. serpentine outcrops ).
Alpine plants often have gray appearance from hairs covering the leaves, which reflect the intense sunlight, and protect from winds that cause high rates of water loss through transpiration. [4]: 224 Many Sierra Nevada alpine plants have reddish or whitish leaves to protect them from damage from intense ultraviolet radiation in the alpine zone.
Note: references for each plant species are within their own articles. Bibliography of the Sierra Nevada (U.S.) "A Natural History of California," Allan A. Schoenherr, University of California Press, 1992, ISBN 0-520-06922-6. "A California Flora and Supplement," Phillip Munz, 1968, University of California Press, ISBN 0-520-02405-2.
Hydrophyllum tenuipes, the Pacific waterleaf, is an herbaceous perennial plant native to North America. It is found in western North America from British Columbia to northern California . Ecology
The deserts in California receive between 2 and 10 inches (51 and 254 mm) of rain per year. [6] Plants in these deserts are brush and scrub, adapted to the low rainfall. Common plant species include creosote bush, blackbrush, greasewood, saltbush, big sagebrush, low sagebrush, and shadscale. [6]
The Endemic flora of the State of California — native plants found within its borders, and nowhere else in nature.; The largest area of the state is in the Mediterranean climate floristic region, within the California Floristic Province — with the greatest number of endemic plants in North America.
The California Central Valley grasslands ecoregion, as well as the coniferous Sierra Nevada forests, Northern California coastal forests, and Klamath-Siskiyou forests of northern California and southwestern Oregon, share many plant and animal affinities with the California chaparral and woodlands.
It encompasses over 7,000 acres (28 km 2) of riparian woodlands, wetlands and grasslands that host a diversity of wildlife native to California's Central Valley. The refuge is situated where three major rivers, the San Joaquin , Tuolumne and Stanislaus Rivers , join providing key wildlife corridor habitat.