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Elliott Jaques (January 18, 1917 – March 8, 2003) was a Canadian psychoanalyst, social scientist and management consultant known as the originator of concepts such as corporate culture, midlife crisis, fair pay, maturation curves, time span of discretion (level of work) [1] and requisite organization, as a total system of managerial organization.
Discipline is the self-control that is gained by requiring that rules or orders be obeyed, and the ability to keep working at something that is difficult. [1] Disciplinarians believe that such self-control is of the utmost importance and enforce a set of rules that aim to develop such behavior.
A responsible position is a post where the individual is expected to work without supervision or a higher authority, usually for a political purpose.. This is in contrast to a job or police/military post, where there is a superior officer to answer to and who holds the right to direct work.
According to Pink, for the vast majority of work in the 21st century self-management and related intrinsic incentives are far more crucial than outdated notions of hierarchical management and an overreliance on monetary compensation as reward.
However, in the long term, the use of self-control can strengthen and improve the ability to control oneself over time. [3] [5] Self-control is also a key concept in the general theory of crime, a major theory in criminology. The theory was developed by Michael Gottfredson and Travis Hirschi in their book A General Theory of Crime (1990).
Autonomy, along with rationality, are seen by Kant as the two criteria for a meaningful life. Kant would consider a life lived without these not worth living; it would be a life of value equal to that of a plant or insect. [14] According to Kant autonomy is part of the reason that we hold others morally accountable for their actions.
A person's "locus" (plural "loci", Latin for "place" or "location") is conceptualized as internal (a belief that one can control one's own life) or external (a belief that life is controlled by outside factors which the person can not influence, or that chance or fate controls their lives). [1]
The illusion of control involves the overestimation of an individual's ability to control certain events. It occurs when someone feels a sense of control over outcomes although they may not possess this control. Psychologists have consistently emphasized the importance of perceptions of control over life events.