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Originally, all tool bits were made of high carbon tool steels with the appropriate hardening and tempering.Since the introductions of high-speed steel (HSS) (early years of the 20th century), sintered carbide (1930s), ceramic and diamond cutters, those materials have gradually replaced the earlier kinds of tool steel in almost all cutting applications.
Center gauges and fishtail gauges [1] are gauges used in lathe work for checking the angles when grinding the profiles of single-point screw-cutting tool bits and centers. In the image, the gauge on the left is called a fishtail gauge or center gauge, and the one on the right is another style of center gauge. [2]
The material being machined (steel, brass, tool steel, plastic, wood) (see table below) The material the cutter is made from (High-Carbon Steel, high-speed steel (HSS), Carbide, Ceramics, and Diamond tools) [5] The economical life of the cutter (the cost to regrind or purchase new, compared to the quantity of parts produced)
Negative rake: A tool has a negative rake angle when the face of the cutting tool slopes away from the cutting edge at outer side. Positive rake angles generally: Make the tool more sharp and pointed. This reduces the strength of the tool, as the small included angle in the tip may cause it to chip away. Reduce cutting forces and power ...
High-speed steel (HSS or HS) is a subset of tool steels, commonly used as cutting tool material. It is superior to high-carbon steel tools in that it can withstand higher temperatures without losing its temper (hardness). This property allows HSS to cut faster than high carbon steel, hence the name high-speed steel.
Rotary cutting tools include drill bits, countersinks and counterbores, taps and dies, reamers, and cold saw blades. Other cutting tools, such as bandsaw blades, hacksaw blades, and fly cutters, combine aspects of linear and rotary motion. The majority of these types of cutting tools are often made from HSS (High-Speed-Steel).
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