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The North African campaign of World War II took place in North Africa from 10 June 1940 to 13 May 1943, fought between the Allies and the Axis Powers.It included campaigns in the Libyan and Egyptian deserts (Western Desert campaign, Desert War), in Morocco and Algeria (Operation Torch), and in Tunisia (Tunisia campaign).
May 1940 — Army of Africa (France) — 14 regiments of zouaves, 42 regiments of Algerian, Tunisian and Moroccan tirailleurs, 12 regiments and demi-brigades of the Foreign Legion and 13 battalions of African Light Infantry were serving on all fronts. [1] 10 June: The Kingdom of Italy declares war upon France and the United Kingdom [2]
The North African campaign of World War II, sometimes called the "Desert War", includes the campaigns in Egypt and Libya (often referred to as the Western Desert campaign or the "Egypt–Libya Campaign") and those campaigns in Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia (usually referred to as the Tunisian campaign.
In World War II from 1940 to 1943 the area was the setting for the North African Campaign. During the 1950s and 1960s, all of the North African states gained independence. There remains a dispute over Western Sahara between Morocco and the Algerian-backed Polisario Front. Gamal Abdel Nasser
The Mediterranean Strategy in the Second World War. London: Greenhill Books. Morison, Samuel Eliot (2001). Operations in North African Waters: October 1942–June 1943. New York: Book Sales. O'Hara, Vincent (2009). Struggle for the Middle Sea: The Great Navies at War in the Mediterranean Theater, 1940–1945. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press.
Marshal Rodolfo Graziani is named as Balbo's replacement in North Africa. The Italian Royal Air Force starts bombing the British Mandate of Palestine. The extent of Japanese control of China as of 1940. 2 July Hitler orders preparation of plans for invasion of Britain, code-named Operation Sea Lion. Alderney surrenders to the Germans.
German-Italian forces withdrew from Egypt and Libya to Tunisia, and the Americans arrived in North Africa on 8 November 1942, during Operation Torch to assist the British. American and British forces defeated their opponents on 12 May 1943, ending the North African campaign. During the war, each side used land-mines to impede the enemy's progress.
Operation Sonnenblume (Unternehmen Sonnenblume, "Operation Sunflower") was the name given to the dispatch of German and Italian troops to North Africa in February 1941, during the Second World War. The Italian 10th Army ( 10ª Armata ) had been destroyed by the British, Commonwealth, Empire and Allied Western Desert Force attacks during ...