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2. Use of xerostomic medications – these medications will result in a decreased salivary flow rate which can predispose to infections of glands. Examples of medications that may contribute to this include antihistamines, antidepressants, and anticholinergic agents. 3.
[60] [55] In a stimulated saliva flow test the person sucks on a sugar free sweet, whilst collecting saliva. An unstimulated salivary flow rate of 0.1 to 0.2 ml/min and a stimulated flow rate of 0.7 ml/min or less is considered to be abnormally low flow rates indicative of salivary gland hypofunction. [61] Unstimulated saliva production reduces ...
Unstimulated whole saliva flow rate more closely correlates with symptoms of xerostomia than stimulated salivary flow rate. [1] Sialography involves introduction of radio-opaque dye such as iodine into the duct of a salivary gland. [1] It may show blockage of a duct due to a calculus. Salivary scintiscanning using technetium is rarely used.
A sialogogue (also spelled sialagogue, ptysmagogue or ptyalagogue) is a substance, especially a medication, that increases the flow rate of saliva. [1] The definition focuses on substances that promote production or secretion of saliva (proximal causation) rather than any food that is mouthwatering (distal causation that triggers proximal causation).
Artificial saliva for dry mouth in a mouthwash form. Artificial saliva or salivary substitutes refer to a synthetically produced liquid that mimics the natural secretion of saliva. It is designed as a symptomatic relief for xerostomia, a condition characterised by dryness in the mouth and is available over-the-counter.
Xerostomia, or a decrease in saliva flow, can be a side effect of many drugs, which, in turn, can lead to the development of taste disturbances such as dysgeusia. [39] Patients can lessen the effects of xerostomia with breath mints, sugarless gum, or lozenges; or physicians can increase saliva flow with artificial saliva or oral pilocarpine. [39]
Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy is a genetic disease with palpebral ptosis, oropharyngeal dysphagia, and proximal limb weakness. Decrease in salivary flow, which can lead to dry mouth or xerostomia, can be due to Sjögren syndrome, anticholinergics, antihistamines, or certain antihypertensives and can lead to incomplete processing of food bolus.
Conditions that can cause saliva overproduction include: [4] Rabies; Pellagra (niacin or vitamin B 3 deficiency) [6] Gastroesophageal reflux disease, in such cases specifically called a water brash (a loosely defined lay term), and is characterized by a sour fluid or almost tasteless saliva in the mouth [7]