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Academic enquiry into the product lifetimes of electrical and electronic equipment was undertaken in 2000 by Cooper and Mayers [21] who conducted household interviews and focus groups to establish the age at discard (actual product lifetime) and expected lifetimes for 17 products. Since this study, work has been undertaken by other academics ...
When an electronic product is thrown away after its useful life is over, it produces electronic trash, or e-waste. E-waste is produced in vast quantities as a result of the consumption-driven society and the quick development of technology. [5] In the US, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) classifies e-waste into ten ...
Developmental bioelectricity is a sub-discipline of biology, related to, but distinct from, neurophysiology and bioelectromagnetics. Developmental bioelectricity refers to the endogenous ion fluxes, transmembrane and transepithelial voltage gradients, and electric currents and fields produced and sustained in living cells and tissues.
Biological engineering is a science-based discipline founded upon the biological sciences in the same way that chemical engineering, electrical engineering, and mechanical engineering [7] can be based upon chemistry, electricity and magnetism, and classical mechanics, respectively.
In economics and industrial design, planned obsolescence (also called built-in obsolescence or premature obsolescence) is the concept of policies planning or designing a product with an artificially limited useful life or a purposely frail design, so that it becomes obsolete after a certain predetermined period of time upon which it ...
A ribosome is a biological machine that utilizes protein dynamics. At the first C.E.C. Workshop, in Brussels in November 1991, bioelectronics was defined as 'the use of biological materials and biological architectures for information processing systems and new devices'.
Electrical equipment part of the distribution system in a large building. Electrical equipment includes any machine powered by electricity. It usually consists of an enclosure, a variety of electrical components, and often a power switch. Examples of these include: Lighting; Major appliance; Small appliances; IT equipment (computers, printers etc.)
Equipment that generates process or space heat and electric power, of a size useful for a single building. microcontroller A microprocessor integrated with memory and input/output circuits, useful for embedded control. microelectromechanical systems An electromechanical system of microscopic size; they may be sensors or actuators. microelectronics