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Mesotrione is a selective herbicide used mainly in maize crops. [1] It is a synthetic compound inspired by the natural substance leptospermone found in the bottlebrush tree Callistemon citrinus . It inhibits the enzyme 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) [ 3 ] and is sold under brand names including Callisto and Tenacity.
Mesotrione was introduced in 2002 and like sulcotrione is a triketone, so it is effective on the same weeds and crops, but is more potent, making it more useful in mixes with other herbicides - an important factor for fully controlling weeds and preventing the development of resistance. It has become the biggest selling member of the HPPD class ...
Approval has been granted to grow crops engineered to be resistant to the herbicides 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, [8] dicamba, [9] glufosinate [10] glyphosate, [11] sulfonylurea, [12] oxynil [13] mesotrione [14] and isoxaflutole [15] Most herbicide resistant GM crops have been engineered for glyphosate tolerance, in the USA 93% of soybeans ...
[23] [24] Mesotrione and sulcotrione are herbicides in this class; a drug, nitisinone, was discovered in the course of developing this class of herbicides. [25] Complementary to mechanism-based classifications, herbicides are often classified according to their chemical structures or motifs. Similar structural types work in similar ways.
Leptospermone can be synthesized from phloroglucinol by a reaction with 3-methylbutanenitrile (isovaleronitrile) in the presence of a zinc chloride catalyst. . Phloroisovalerone imine is produced which is then alkylated with iodomethane after initial treatment with sodium ethoxide and methanol to produce an intermediate which is treated with aqueous hydrochloric acid resulting in ...
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The European Chemicals Agency classified metolachlor as a suspected human carcinogen (Carcinogen category 2) in 2022. [5] The United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) has classified Metolachlor as a Group C, possible human carcinogen, based on liver tumors in rats at the highest dose tested (HDT).