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The Pakistan Antarctic Programme (Urdu: برنامہَ پاکستان برائے قطبِ جنوبی), abbreviated as PAP) is a scientific administrative division of the Ministry of Science and Technology (MoST) which represents the Government of Pakistan on the continent of Antarctica. The program coordinates scientific research and ...
A national Antarctic program is any government operated or supported program which is mandated with managing the support of scientific research and contributing to the governance and protection of the Antarctic environment on behalf of its nation and in the spirit of the Antarctic Treaty. [1]
In 1991, shortly after Pakistan became a member of the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research, [4] the Pakistan Antarctic Programme was launched by the National Institute of Oceanography under the Ministry of Science and Technology; it was led by the Pakistan Navy, which provided logistical support for the research effort as well as for the establishment of the Jinnah Antarctic Station.
Seven sovereign states – Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, New Zealand, Norway, and the United Kingdom – have made eight territorial claims in Antarctica.These countries have tended to place their Antarctic scientific observation and study facilities within their respective claimed territories; however, a number of such facilities are located outside of the area claimed by their ...
An aerial view of the Indian Station Maitri on 25 February 2005. The Indian Antarctic Programme is a multi-disciplinary, multi-institutional programme under the control of the National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India.
The Benazir Income Support Programme (BISP) is a federal unconditional cash transfer poverty reduction program in Pakistan. Launched in July 2008, it was the largest single social safety net program in the country with nearly Rs. 90 billion ($900 million) distributed to 5.4 million beneficiaries in 2016. [3]
The standard of living in Pakistan differentiates and varies between different classes of society. Pakistan is a largely developing country and according to the Human Development Index , is ranked 147th out of 170 countries, upper side of "low human development."
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 10 January 2025. World map of countries or territories by Human Development Index scores in increments of 0.050 (based on 2022 data, published in 2024) ≥ 0.950 0.900–0.950 0.850–0.899 0.800–0.849 0.750–0.799 0.700–0.749 0.650–0.699 0.600–0.649 0.550–0.599 0.500–0.549 0.450–0.499 0. ...