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Commodus (/ ˈ k ɒ m ə d ə s /; [5] 31 August 161 – 31 December 192) was a Roman emperor who ruled from 177 until his assassination in 192. For the first three years of his reign, he was co-emperor with his father Marcus Aurelius.
A commode chair from Pakistan Museum collection of toilets, bed pans, hip baths, etc. The modern toilet commode is on the right. 19th century heavy wooden toilet commode. In British English, "commode" is the standard term for a commode chair, often on wheels, enclosing a chamber pot—as used in hospitals and the homes of disabled persons. [1]
Commodus (AD 161–192) was the 17th Roman emperor. It may also refer to: Commodus as Hercules, marble portrait sculpture of Commodus; Lucius Ceionius Commodus (consul 78), member of the gens Ceionia; Lucius Ceionius Commodus (consul 106), member of the gens Ceionia; Lucius Ceionius Commodus (AD 101–138), the birth name of Lucius Aelius
Marcus became, in official titulature, Imperator Caesar Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus; Lucius, forgoing his name Commodus and taking Marcus's family name Verus, became Imperator Caesar Lucius Aurelius Verus Augustus. [160] [note 9] It was the first time that Rome was ruled by two emperors. [163] [note 10]
Commodus' sanity began to unravel after the death of his close associate, Cleander. This triggered a series of summary executions of members of the aristocracy. He began removing himself from his identity as ruler ideologically by resuming his birth name instead of keeping the names that his father gave him when he succeeded to imperial rule.
Coin of Pescennius Niger, a Roman usurper who claimed imperial power AD 193–194. Legend: IMP CAES C PESC NIGER IVST AVG. While the imperial government of the Roman Empire was rarely called into question during its five centuries in the west and fifteen centuries in the east, individual emperors often faced unending challenges in the form of usurpation and perpetual civil wars. [30]
Commodus as Hercules, also known as The Bust of Commodus as Hercules, is a marble portrait sculpture created sometime in early 192 AD. [1] [2] It is housed in the Capitoline Museums in Rome, Italy. [2] Originally discovered in 1874 in the underground chambers of Horti Lamiani, [3] it has become one of the most famous examples of Roman ...
The Historia Augusta also indicates that August was the month named Commodus, but is internally inconsistent: [42] at one point, Hercules, the patron deity chosen by Commodus, is said to have been the namesake for September, [43] while elsewhere October is the mensis Herculeus, as it is on Dio's list. [44]