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The reported number of kulaks and their relatives who had died in labour colonies from 1932 to 1940 was 389,521. [11] [53] Popular history author Simon Sebag Montefiore estimated that 15 million kulaks and their families were deported by 1937; during the deportation, many people died, but the full number is not known. [54]
The crowds coming to view the body were so large and disorganised that many people were killed in a crowd crush. [568] At the funeral on 9 March, attended by hundreds of thousands, Stalin was laid to rest in Lenin's Mausoleum in Red Square. [569]
During the mass killing events, in addition to the people who were killed, many others were victimized but did not die. The crimes against them have been described as crimes against humanity . [ 173 ] [ 174 ] [ 175 ] For instance, the 2008 Prague Declaration on European Conscience and Communism stated that crimes which were committed in the ...
Estimates conclude that 5.7 [9] to 8.7 [10] [11] million people died from starvation across the Soviet Union. In addition 50 to 70 million Soviet citizens starved during the famine yet survived. [12] During this period Soviet leader Joseph Stalin ordered the kulaks (land-owning proprietors) "to be liquidated as a class".
Joseph Stalin announced the "liquidation of the kulaks as a class" on 27 December 1929. [4] Stalin had said: "Now we have the opportunity to carry out a resolute offensive against the kulaks, break their resistance, eliminate them as a class and replace their production with the production of kolkhozes and sovkhozes."
Joseph Stalin, second leader of the Soviet Union, died on 5 March 1953 at his Kuntsevo Dacha after suffering a stroke, at age 74.He was given a state funeral in Moscow on 9 March, with four days of national mourning declared.
Route of people deported from Lithuania to remote regions of the Far East, up to 6,000 miles (9,700 km) away. During World War II, particularly in 1943–44, the Soviet government conducted a series of deportations. Some 1.9 million people were deported to Siberia and the Central Asian republics.
The assassination, in December 1934, led to an investigation that revealed a network of party members supposedly working against Stalin, including several of Stalin's rivals. [31] Many of those arrested after Kirov's murder, high-ranking party officials among them, also confessed plans to kill Stalin themselves, albeit often under duress. [32]