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The term "penicillin" is defined as the natural product of Penicillium mould with antimicrobial activity. [8] It was coined by Alexander Fleming on 7 March 1929 when he discovered the antibacterial property of Penicillium rubens. [9]
Again, antibiotics only work against bacterial infections. “It does not work against viruses or fungus,” says Tran. “The confusion always comes up around wintertime because of the flu.
Benzylpenicillin, also known as penicillin G (PenG [4]) or BENPEN, [5] is an antibiotic used to treat a number of bacterial infections. [6] This includes pneumonia , strep throat , syphilis , necrotizing enterocolitis , diphtheria , gas gangrene , leptospirosis , cellulitis , and tetanus . [ 6 ]
The production of a β-lactamase by a bacterium does not necessarily rule out all treatment options with β-lactam antibiotics. In some instances, β-lactam antibiotics may be co-administered with a β-lactamase inhibitor. For example, Augmentin (FGP) is made of amoxicillin (a β-lactam antibiotic) and clavulanic acid (a β-lactamase inhibitor).
Patients who can't be given penicillin are often given broad-spectrum antibiotics that may not work as well and should be saved as a last resort for the most severe bacterial infections.
Bacteriostatic antibiotics limit the growth of bacteria by interfering with bacterial protein production, DNA replication, or other aspects of bacterial cellular metabolism. They must work together with the immune system to remove the microorganisms from the body.
In the US, the Antibiotic Development to Advance Patient Treatment (ADAPT) Act was introduced with the aim of fast tracking the drug development of antibiotics to combat the growing threat of 'superbugs'. Under this Act, FDA can approve antibiotics and antifungals treating life-threatening infections based on smaller clinical trials.
Most commonly, penicillin or amoxicillin is used to treat strep infection. These antibiotics work by disrupting peptidoglycan production in the cell wall. [26] Treatment most often occurs as a 10-day oral antibiotic cycle. For patients with penicillin allergies and those suffering from skin infections, clindamycin can be used.
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