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In computing and computer science, a processor or processing unit is an electrical component (digital circuit) that performs operations on an external data source, usually memory or some other data stream. [1]
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A microprocessor is a general purpose processing entity. Several specialized processing devices have followed: A digital signal processor (DSP) is specialized for signal processing. Graphics processing units (GPUs) are processors designed primarily for real-time rendering of images. Other specialized units exist for video processing and machine ...
Embedded systems have the most variation in their processing power and cost: from an 8-bit processor that could cost less than USD$0.10, to higher-end processors capable of billions of operations per second and costing over USD$100. Cost is a particular concern with these systems, with designers often choosing the cheapest option that satisfies ...
Two notable examples of this are the ARM compliant AMULET and the MIPS R3000 compatible MiniMIPS. [74] Rather than totally removing the clock signal, some CPU designs allow certain portions of the device to be asynchronous, such as using asynchronous ALUs in conjunction with superscalar pipelining to achieve some arithmetic performance gains ...
Examples of properties of typical embedded computers when compared with general-purpose counterparts, are low power consumption, small size, rugged operating ranges, and low per-unit cost. This comes at the expense of limited processing resources. Numerous microcontrollers have been developed for embedded systems use. General-purpose ...
A typical example of a DSP-specific implementation would be a combination of a RISC CPU and a DSP MPU. This allows for the design of products that require a general-purpose processor for user interfaces and a DSP for real-time data processing; this type of design is common in mobile phones. In other applications, a growing number of companies ...
Early communications controllers such as the IBM 270x series were hard wired, but later units were programmable devices. Front-end processor is also used in a more general sense in asymmetric multi-processor systems. The FEP is a processing device (usually a computer) which is closer to the input source than is the main processor.