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In plants, all phenylpropanoids are derived from the amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine.. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL, a.k.a. phenylalanine/tyrosine ammonia-lyase) is an enzyme that transforms L-phenylalanine and tyrosine into trans-cinnamic acid and p-coumaric acid, respectively.
[1] [4] The activity of PAL is induced dramatically in response to various stimuli such as tissue wounding, pathogenic attack, light, low temperatures, and hormones. [ 1 ] [ 5 ] PAL has recently been studied for possible therapeutic benefits in humans afflicted with phenylketonuria . [ 6 ]
Their name is derived from the six-carbon, aromatic phenyl group and the three-carbon propene tail of coumaric acid, which is the central intermediate in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. From 4-coumaroyl-CoA emanates the biosynthesis of myriad natural products including lignols (precursors to lignin and lignocellulose ), flavonoids , isoflavonoids ...
For over 30 years he has been a world leader in the field of plant specialized metabolism, using multidisciplinary approaches to decipher the biosynthetic and regulatory pathways leading to lignin and bioactive flavonoids, and driving the field of metabolic engineering for development of more nutritious forages and bioenergy crops with enhanced ...
Flavonoids are synthesized by the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway in which the amino acid phenylalanine is used to produce 4-coumaroyl-CoA. [1] This can be combined with malonyl-CoA to yield the true backbone of flavonoids, a group of compounds called chalcones, which contain two phenyl rings.
Related changes; Upload file; ... Phenylpropanoid glycosides (4 C, 5 P) H. ... O-methylated phenylpropanoids (4 C, 16 P) P. Phenylpropanoids metabolism (4 C, 4 P ...
Cinnamoyl-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction cinnamaldehyde + CoA + NADP+ → cinnamoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+; Pinosylvin synthase, an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction 3 malonyl-CoA + cinnamoyl-CoA → 4 CoA + pinosylvin + 4 CO 2
It is a member of the phenylpropanoid family. It is a commonly used matrix in MALDI mass spectrometry. [1] [2] It is a useful matrix for a wide variety of peptides and proteins. It serves well as a matrix for MALDI due to its ability to absorb laser radiation and to also donate protons (H +) to the analyte of interest.