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Rural poverty refers to situations where people living in non-urban regions are in a state or condition of lacking the financial resources and essentials for living. It takes account of factors of rural society, rural economy, and political systems that give rise to the marginalization and economic disadvantage found there. [1]
When evaluating poverty in statistics or economics there are two main measures: absolute poverty which compares income against the amount needed to meet basic personal needs, such as food, clothing, and shelter; [2] secondly, relative poverty measures when a person cannot meet a minimum level of living standards, compared to others in the same ...
The Foster–Greer–Thorbecke indices are a family of poverty metrics.The most commonly used index from the family, FGT 2, puts higher weight on the poverty of the poorest individuals, making it a combined measure of poverty and income inequality and a popular choice within development economics.
In economics, a cycle of poverty or poverty trap is when poverty seems to be inherited, preventing subsequent generations from escaping it. [1] It is caused by self-reinforcing mechanisms that cause poverty, once it exists, to persist unless there is outside intervention. [ 2 ]
A cost of poverty, also known as a ghetto tax, [1] a poverty premium, [2] a cost of being poor, or the poor pay more, [3] is the phenomenon of people with lower incomes, particularly those living in low-income areas, incurring higher expenses, paying more not only in terms of money, but also in time, health, and opportunity costs.
The depth of poverty is the average 'gap' (G) between the level of deprivation poor people experience and the poverty cut-off line. M1 = H x A x G. Adjusted Squared Poverty Gap (M2): This measure reflects the incidence, intensity, and depth of poverty, as well as inequality among the poor (captured by the squared gap, S). M2 = H x A x S.
However, Dennis Raphael, author of Poverty in Canada: Implications for Health and Quality of Life [9] [10] reported that the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and Canadian poverty researchers [notes 2] [11] find that relative ...
Number of people living in extreme poverty from 1820 to 2015. Population not in extreme poverty Population living in extreme poverty Total population living in extreme poverty, by world region 1990 to 2015. Latin America and Caribbean East Asia and Pacific Islands South Asia Middle East and North Africa Europe and Central Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Other high income countries The number of people ...