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Diatomite rock sample from Sisquoc Formation Scanning electron micrograph of diatomaceous earth. Diatomaceous earth (/ ËŒ d aɪ. É™ t É™ ˈ m eɪ ʃ É™ s / DY-É™-tÉ™-MAY-shÉ™s), also known as diatomite (/ d aɪ ˈ æ t É™ m aɪ t / dy-AT-É™-myte), celite, or kieselguhr, is a naturally occurring, soft, siliceous sedimentary rock that can be crumbled into a fine white to off-white powder.
Fuller's earth is the most common spelling today, but both fullers earth and fullers' earth remain in wide use. [4] Fuller's earth is also known by the following other names: Bleaching clay, [5] probably because fulling whitened the cloth. Whitening clay, particularly when used to treat facial pigmentation, such as melasma.
The other types of clay that were famous in antiquity were as follows. Terra chia, Terra cymolia (Cimolean earth): these were both white earths and considered of great value. Samian earth: Pliny in c. 50 AD (Nat. Hist.) details two distinct varieties, colyrium - an eye salve, and aster, which was used as a soap as well as in medicines.
Bentonite layers from an ancient deposit of weathered volcanic ash tuff in Wyoming Gray shale and bentonites (Benton Shale; Colorado Springs, Colorado). Bentonite (/ ˈ b ɛ n t ə n aɪ t / BEN-tə-nyte) [1] [2] is an absorbent swelling clay consisting mostly of montmorillonite (a type of smectite) which can either be Na-montmorillonite or Ca-montmorillonite.
Diatomaceous earth, a biogenic form of silica as viewed under a microscope. The imaged region measures approximately 1.13 by 0.69 mm. Living organisms also contribute to this geologic cycle. For example, a type of plankton known as diatoms construct their exoskeletons ("frustules") from silica extracted from seawater.
Litter clumps were first developed by using calcium bentonite clay. This was manufactured in the UK in the 1950s by the Fuller's Earth Union (FEU), which later became a part of Laporte Industries Ltd. Subsequently in America, clumping bentonite was developed in 1984 by biochemist Thomas Nelson. [20]
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