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The anterior jugular vein varies considerably in size, bearing usually an inverse proportion to the external jugular. [1] Most frequently, there are two anterior jugulars, a right and left. [1] [4] However, there is sometimes only one. [1] A duplicate anterior jugular vein may be present on one side, which may cross over the midline.
The internal jugular vein is formed by the anastomosis of blood from the sigmoid sinus of the dura mater and the inferior petrosal sinus. The internal jugular runs with the common carotid artery and vagus nerve inside the carotid sheath. It provides venous drainage for the contents of the skull.
The facial vein usually unites with the anterior branch of the retromandibular vein to form the common facial vein, which crosses the external carotid artery and enters the internal jugular vein at a variable point below the hyoid bone.
It receives blood from the external palatine vein before it either joins the anterior branch of the retromandibular vein to form the common facial vein, or drains directly into the internal jugular vein. There are valves in the facial vein. [1] Its walls are not so flaccid as most superficial veins.
The jugulodigastric lymph nodes are found in the proximity of where the posterior belly of the digastric muscle crosses the internal jugular vein.Nodes are typically around 15 mm in length in adults, and decrease in size during old age. [1]
Each inferior petrosal sinus drains the ... passing through the anterior part of the jugular foramen, ends in the superior bulb of the internal jugular vein.
Just above the sternum the two anterior jugular veins communicate by a transverse trunk, the jugular venous arch (or venous jugular arch), which receive tributaries from the inferior thyroid veins; each also communicates with the internal jugular. There are no valves in this vein.
These trunks are formed by the convergence of lymphatic vessels that drain lymph from the heart, lungs, trachea, and pleura, as well as from the internal mammary and anterior mediastinal lymph nodes. [2] The lymphatic vessels merge to form each trunk, which typically drains into the venous system.