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Besides the well-known Pitzer-like equations, there is a simple and easy-to-use semi-empirical model, which is called the three-characteristic-parameter correlation (TCPC) model. It was first proposed by Lin et al. [22] It is a combination of the Pitzer long-range interaction and short-range solvation effect: ln γ = ln γ PDH + ln γ SV
Firstly, equilibrium constants are determined at a number of different ionic strengths, at a chosen temperature and particular background electrolyte. The interaction coefficients are then determined by fitting to the observed equilibrium constant values. The procedure also provides the value of K at infinite dilution. It is not limited to ...
As explained in Buckingham's original paper and, e.g., in section 2.2.5 of Jensen's text, [2] the repulsion is due to the interpenetration of the closed electron shells. "There is therefore some justification for choosing the repulsive part (of the potential) as an exponential function ".
The reversible reaction N 2 O 4 (g) ⇌ 2NO 2 (g) is endothermic, so the equilibrium position can be shifted by changing the temperature. When heat is added and the temperature increases, the reaction shifts to the right and the flask turns reddish brown due to an increase in NO 2. This demonstrates Le Chatelier's principle: the equilibrium ...
When two or more sites in an asymmetrical molecule may be involved in an equilibrium reaction there are more than one possible equilibrium constants. For example, the molecule L-DOPA has two non-equivalent hydroxyl groups which may be deprotonated. Denoting L-DOPA as LH 2, the following diagram shows all the species that may be formed (X = CH 2 ...
Donnan potential is the difference in the Galvani potentials [1] which appears as a result of Donnan equilibrium, named after Frederick G. Donnan, which refers to the distribution of ion species between two ionic solutions separated by a semipermeable membrane or boundary. [2]
Reality TV producer Mark Burnett ('The Apprentice," "The Voice," and "Survivor") was named the UK special envoy by President-elect Donald Trump.
The Debye–Hückel theory was proposed by Peter Debye and Erich Hückel as a theoretical explanation for departures from ideality in solutions of electrolytes and plasmas. [1] It is a linearized Poisson–Boltzmann model, which assumes an extremely simplified model of electrolyte solution but nevertheless gave accurate predictions of mean activity coefficients for ions in dilute solution.